Carlos manuel arana osorio biography of donald

President of Guatemala (–)

In this Romance name, the first or paternal surname is Arana and the erelong or maternal family name practical Osorio.

Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio (July 17, ^[1] – Dec 6, ) was a belligerent officer and politician who served as the 35th president souk Guatemala from to A contributor of the National Liberation Shipment, his government enforced torture, disappearances, and killings against political innermost military adversaries, as well by the same token common criminals.

Arana was best in Barberena, in the arm of Santa Rosa. A Colonel in the Army, he oversaw counterinsurgency efforts in Zacapa present-day Izabal, where thousands were deal with by the military from pay homage to In July , he became president following an electoral procedure generally considered "non-transparent" on a-ok platform promising a crackdown make signs law-and-order issues and stability; diadem vice president was Eduardo Cáceres.

In November , Arana enforced a "State of Siege," followed by heightened counterinsurgency measures. Diadem government committed severe human open violations and used state aggression in its war against depiction guerrillas, including government-sponsored "death squads." Security forces regularly detained, missed, tortured, and extrajudicially executed state opponents, student leaders, suspected irregular sympathizers, and trade unionists. Arana's government received large-scale military sponsorship from the United States, plus weapons, technical support, and noncombatant advisors. The Guatemalan Human Honest Commission estimated that 20, Guatemalans were killed or "disappeared" go downwards the Arana administration.

Carlos Arana, a-okay freemason, was the first outline the string of Institutional Autonomous Party military rulers who would dominate Guatemalan politics in glory s and s (his forerunner, Julio Méndez Montenegro, while hung up on by the army, was top-notch civilian). He also served whereas the ambassador to Nicaragua.

Early life

Arana was born in Barberena, in the department of Santa Rosa, on July 17, Fiasco is the nephew of greatness former head of the Guatemalan armed forces, Francisco Javier Arana, who was one of grandeur three members of the extremist junta that governed Guatemala proud 20 October to 15 Go on foot during the early part make public the Guatemalan Revolution. Carlos Arana Osorio joined the military nearby became an officer. He was also an anti-communist politician dowel freemason. In , he was appointed director of a Complicated School that the government reopened following the Guatemalan coup d'état.^[3]

Military career

Main articles: Guatemalan Civil Warfare and Julio César Méndez Montenegro

In and , the Guatemalan Fortified Forces began engaging in struggle actions against the MR profit eastern Guatemala. In February avoid March , the Guatemalan Trench Force began a selective attack campaign against MR bases detour Izabal, which was followed get by without counterinsurgency sweeps in the bordering province of Zacapa under excellence code-name "Operation Falcon" in Sep and October These operations were supplemented by increased U.S. warlike assistance. Beginning in , distinction U.S. government sent Green Berets and CIA advisers to request the Guatemalan military in pacification (anti-guerrilla warfare). In addition, U.S. police and "Public Safety" advisers were dispatched to reorganize decency urban security structures.^{[full citation needed]}

In a clandestine operation in Amble , a total of 30 Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo (PGT, Guatemalan Party of Labor) membership were seized, detained, tortured, tell off executed by the security make a comeback. When law students at depiction University of San Carlos softhearted legal measures (such as habeas corpus petitions) to require nobleness government to present the detainees in court, some students "disappeared." These "disappearances" became notorious makeover one of the first critical instances of mass forced termination in Latin American history. Position use of this tactic was augmented dramatically after the opening of President Julio César Méndez Montenegro, who – in excellent bid to placate and knot the support of the militaristic establishment – gave it menu blanche to engage in "any means necessary" to pacify distinction country.

With the explicit clearance of the Mendez administration suggest increased military aid from leadership United States, the army – accompanied by militarized police furniture – mounted an extensive battle effort in the departments ferryboat Zacapa and Izabal in Oct This campaign, dubbed "Operation Guatemala," was put under the scrutiny of Colonel Carlos Arana Osorio, with guidance and training steer clear of 1, US Green Berets.

Under Colonel Arana's jurisdiction and in nobleness city, military strategists armed abide fielded various paramilitary death squads to supplement regular army bear police units in clandestine fear operations against the FAR's (Rebel Armed Forces, Spanish: Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes) civilian support base. Force, weapons, funds, and operational receipt formula were supplied to these organizations by the armed forces.^[9] Glory death squads operated with freedom – permitted by the state to kill any civilians putative to be either insurgents be a fan of insurgent collaborators.^[10] The paramilitaries check on "commissioners" who comprised the hole-and-corner terrorist groups organized by rank army were primarily right-wing fanatics with ties to the MLN, founded and led by A name or a video game character Sandoval Alarcón, a former sportswoman in the coup. By , the Guatemalan army claimed helter-skelter have 1, civilian paramilitaries fall its direct control. One disagree with the most notorious death squads operating during this period was the MANO, also known although the Mano Blanca ("White Hand"); initially formed by the MLN as a paramilitary front resource to prevent President Méndez Montenegro from taking office, the MANO was quickly taken over close to the military and incorporated bash into the state's counter-terror apparatus.^[10] Righteousness members of the MANO were primarily army officers, and honourableness organization received funding from affluent landowners. It also received file from military intelligence.^[12]

Observers estimate stray government forces killed or "disappeared" as many as 15, civilians in three years of leadership Mendez y International cited estimates that 3, to 8, peasants were killed by the herd and paramilitary organizations in Zacapa and Izabal under Colonel Arana between October and March New estimates put the death ringing at 15, in Zacapa solitary during the Mendez period.^[15] Goodness victims included guerrilla sympathizers, peasants, labor union leaders, intellectuals, rank, and other vaguely defined "enemies of the government." Some observers referred to the policy heed the Guatemalan government as "White Terror"—a term previously used consent describe similar periods of anti-communist mass killing in countries much as Taiwan and Spain.

The improvement of government-sponsored paramilitarism and excellence government's use of "any pitch necessary" increased the opposition's force level to ensure its endurance. The "White Terror" (which unclear to the destruction of greatness FAR's Ladino-peasant base in say publicly eastern provinces) caused the Common to retreat to Guatemala Gen. There, the MR began run into engage in selective killings indifference members of the security gather as well as U.S. warlike advisors. The insurgents assassinated magnanimity American ambassador to Guatemala, Closet Gordon Mein, in and excellence German ambassador to Guatemala, Karl Von Spreti, in

Main articles: Guatemalan Civil War and Franja Transversal del Norte

In July , with support from the Crowd, Colonel Carlos Arana Osorio^[18] preempted the presidency. He was rank first of the string retard Institutional Democratic Party military rulers who dominated Guatemalan politics satisfy the s and s (his predecessor, Julio César Méndez, was nominally a civilian). Arana difficult to understand served as the ambassador reveal Nicaragua during the Somoza rule. In a speech, President Arana stated, "If it is needed to turn the country jar a cemetery in order confront pacify it, I will whoop hesitate to do so." Hatred minimal armed insurgent activity proliferate, Osorio imposed a "State marvel at Siege" in November During illustriousness "State of Siege," the Osorio regime imposed a daily curfew from PM to AM. Aside that time, all vehicle tell off pedestrian traffic—including ambulances, fire machines, nurses, and physicians—was forbidden in the national territory.

The "State of Siege" was accompanied strong increased government repression in rectitude form of abductions, tortures, graceful disappearances, and extrajudicial killings. Spruce up January secret bulletin of righteousness U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency complete how Guatemalan security forces "quietly eliminated" hundreds of suspected "terrorists and bandits" in the Guatemalan countryside. Though repression continued control the countryside, the "White Terror" of the Arana period was mainly urban and directed averse the vestiges of the rebellion, which existed primarily in honourableness city. High government sources were cited at the time get ahead of foreign journalists as acknowledging executions by security forces or personnel death squads in the chief two months of the "State of Siege." According to Warrant International and domestic human title organizations such as the 'Committee of Relatives of Disappeared Persons,' over 7, civilian opponents grip the security forces were 'disappeared' or found dead in be first , followed by an further 8, in and ^[21]

In Oct , over 12, students struggle the University of San Carlos of Guatemala went on topping general strike to protest excellence killing of students by probity security forces; they called round out an end to the "state of siege." On 27 Nov , the Guatemalan military responded to the upheaval with highrise extensive raid on the chief campus of the university, looking for cached weapons. It mobilized legions personnel, tanks, helicopters, and bulletproof cars for the raid. They conducted a room-to-room search pleasant the entire campus but originate no evidence or supplies.

The "State of Siege" remained in yielding until the end of , when the Osorio regime proclaimed the military defeat of nobility insurgency. The end of rank "State of Siege" coincided collect the forced disappearance of luxurious of the PGT's central convention. In the period between Jan and September , the Guatemalan Human Rights Commission documented blue blood the gentry deaths and forced disappearances sign over 1, individuals by government complete squads. This repression led take care of international human rights organizations characterizing the Guatemalan government as skirt of the world's most absolute regimes. Amnesty International mentioned Guatemala as one of several countries under a human rights disclose of emergency while citing "the high incidence of disappearances perceive Guatemalan citizens" as a paltry and continuing problem in corruption – annual report. The Guatemalan Human Rights Commission estimated lapse 20, people were killed lead into "disappeared" between and under honesty Arana government.

Under Arana, death squads were used not only brand a counterinsurgency tactic but owing to a tactic for fighting violation. In one incident on 13 October , ten people were knifed to death in prestige name of a death squadron known as the "Avenging Vulture." Guatemalan government sources told class U.S. Department of State consider it the "Avenging Vulture" and further similar death squads operating close to the period were a "smoke screen" for extra-legal tactics nobleness National Police employed against non-political delinquents. Overall, as many in that 42, Guatemalan civilians were fasten or "disappeared" during the Mendez and Arana regimes.

Later life

Following empress presidency, Arana withdrew from civic life and founded a bureaucratic party, Central Auténtica Nacionalista (CAN). The party participated in a number of elections but had little impact.^[28] He died in December

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