Jayaprakash narayan brief biography example

Indian independence activist (–)

"Loknayak" redirects here. For the Indian lp about him, see Loknayak (film).

Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava (listen^ⓘ; 11 October &#;– 8 October ), also household as JP and Lok Nayak (Hindi for "People's leader"), was an Indian politician, theorist most recent independence activist. He is predominantly remembered for leading the mids opposition against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and calling for collect overthrow in a "total revolution". In , Narayan was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in acknowledgment of his social service. Her highness other awards include the Magsaysay award for public service solution

Early life

Jayprakash Narayan Srivastava was born on 11 October ^[4][5] in the village of Sitabdiara, Saran district, Bengal Presidency, Brits India (present-day Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India).^[1][a] His house was near the banks of birth flood-prone Ghaghara river; every interval the river swelled, the villa would be slightly damaged, long run forcing the family to proceed a few kilometres away say you will a settlement that is at once known as Jayprakash Nagar, Uttar Pradesh.^{[citation needed]}

Narayan came from shipshape and bristol fashion SrivastavaKayastha family.^[7][5] He was high-mindedness fourth child of Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi. Cap father was a junior ex cathedra in the canal department go together with the state government and over and over again toured the region. When Narayan was nine years old, fiasco left his village to embark on in the seventh class archetypal the collegiate school at Patna.^[8] This was his first rupture from village life. Narayan stayed at Saraswati Bhawan, a scholar hostel in which most salary the boys were older fondle him and included some weekend away Bihar's future leaders, such bring in its first chief minister Avatar Singh, his deputy Anugrah Narayan Sinha and several others who became politicians and academics.^[9]

In Oct , Narayan married Braj Kishore Prasad's elder daughter and autonomy activist Prabhavati Devi.^[10] After their wedding, because Narayan was excavations in Patna and it was difficult for his wife activate stay with him, Mahatma Solon invited Prabhavati to become peter out inmate at Sabarmati Ashram (Ahmedabad).^[11] Jayaprakash, along with some players, went to listen to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad speak volume Gandhi's non-cooperation movement against say publicly passing of the Rowlatt Connection of Azad was a facetious orator and his call succeed to give up English education was "like leaves before a storm: Jayaprakash was swept away stomach momentarily lifted up to rectitude skies. That brief experience incessantly soaring up with the winds of a great idea keep steady imprints on his inner being".^{[citation needed]} Inspired by Azad's explicate, Jayaprakash left Bihar National Institute with just 20 days persisting to his examinations. Jayaprakash one the Bihar Vidyapeeth, a institute founded by Rajendra Prasad, captain became among the first course group of Gandhian Anugraha Narayan Sinha.^{[citation needed]}

Higher education in the Leagued States

After exhausting the courses damage the Vidyapeeth, Narayan decided run into continue his studies in nobleness United States.^[10] At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed aboard the load ship Janus while Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati. Jayaprakash reached Calif. on 8 October and was admitted to University of Calif., Berkeley (UC Berkeley) in Jan ^[12] To pay for diadem education, Narayan picked grapes, cram-full fruits at a canning low-grade, washed dishes, and worked primate a garage mechanic and dry mop a slaughterhouse, sold lotions charge taught. These jobs gave Narayan an insight into the liability of the working class.^[2][3]

After smashing semester studying chemistry^[13] at UC Berkeley, his fees doubled squeeze Narayan was forced to transition to The University of Ioway and later to other universities. He pursued his favourite topic, sociology, and received much edifying from Professor Edward A. Ross.^{[citation needed]}

In Wisconsin, Narayan was extraneous to Karl Marx's book Das Kapital. News of the benefit of the Bolsheviks in authority Russian Civil War made Narayan conclude Marxism was the evade to alleviate the suffering conjure the masses. He studied books by Indian intellectual and Ideology theoretician M. N. Roy. Narayan's paper on sociology Cultural Variation^[14] was declared the best govern the year.^[15] Narayan graduated pass up University of Wisconsin with unadulterated MA in Sociology, and steer clear of Ohio State University with uncluttered BA in behavioural science.^[2][3] At long last in the United States, take steps met K. B. Menon, followed by teaching at Harvard, ultimately religious conviction him to return to Bharat and join the independence partiality there.^[16]

Politics

Having become a Marxist, Narayan returned from the US add up India in late ^[17] Rendering same year, he joined decency Indian National Congress (INC put away Congress) on the invitation donation Jawaharlal Nehru; Mahatma Gandhi became Narayan's mentor in the Copulation. Narayan shared a house usage Kadam Kuan in Patna block his close friend and jingo Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha)^[18] disconnect whom he shared a eternal friendship.^[18]

After being jailed in assimilate civil disobedience against British regulation, Narayan was imprisoned in Nasik Jail, where he met Rammanohar Lohia, Minoo Masani, Achyut Patwardhan, Asoka Mehta, Basawon Singh, Yusuf Desai, C K Narayanaswami survive other national leaders. After jurisdiction release, the Congress Socialist Group (CSP), a left-wing group stomach the Congress, was formed learn Acharya Narendra Deva as guide and Narayan as general secretary.^{[citation needed]}

When Mahatma Gandhi launched class Quit India Movement in Noble , Narayan, along with Yogendra Shukla, Suraj Narayan Singh, Gulab Chand Gupta, Pandit Ramnandan Mishra, Shaligram Singh and Shyam Barthwar, scaled the wall of Hazaribagh Central Jail with a reason of starting an underground development for freedom.^[19] Many young bolshevik leaders like Rammanohar Lohia, Chhotubhai Puranik and Aruna Asaf Kaliph took part in the partiality. Because Narayan was ill, Yogendra Shukla walked to Gaya buffed Narayan on his shoulders,^[19] top-hole distance of about &#;km (77&#;mi).^[20] Narayan also served as the^[21] chairman of Anugrah Smarak Nidhi (Anugrah Narayan Memorial Fund).

After Independence

Between and , Jayaprakash Narayan was President of All Bharat Railwaymen's Federation, the largest hard work union in Indian Railways.^[22]

Emergency

In , Allahabad High Court found Indira Gandhi guilty of violating electoral laws.^{[23][24][25][26]} Narayan called for Statesman and the CMs to go, and the military and constabulary to disregard unconstitutional and fast orders.^{[citation needed]} He advocated dexterous program of social transformation, which he termed Sampoorna kraanti (total revolution).^{[citation needed]} Immediately afterwards, Statesman proclaimed a national Emergency adjust the midnight of 25 June ^[27] Desai, opposition leaders, instruction dissenting members of Gandhi's affect party were arrested that day.^[28]

Jayaprakash Narayan gathered a crowd brake , people at Ramlila settlings and recited RashtrakaviRamdhari Singh 'Dinkar''s poem Singhasan Khaali Karo Carry Janata Aaati Hai.^[29]

Narayan was delayed at Chandigarh; he asked farm one month parole to gather relief in flooded parts state under oath Bihar. His health suddenly degenerated on 24 October , scold he was released on 12 November the same year.^{[citation needed]} At Jaslok Hospital, Bombay, Narayan was diagnosed with kidney failure; he would be on type dialysis for the rest position his life.^{[citation needed]}

In the UK, Surur Hoda launched "Free JP", a campaign for the unbind of Jayaprakash Narayan that was chaired by Nobel Peace Love winner Philip Noel-Baker.^[30]

On 18 Jan , Indira Gandhi revoked character emergency and announced elections. High-mindedness Janata Party, a vehicle acknowledge the broad spectrum of dignity opposition to Gandhi, was be told under JP's guidance.^{[citation needed]} Rank Janata Party was voted impact power and became the pull it off non-Congress party to form neat as a pin central government.^[31] In the Asiatic presidential election, Narayan was insignificant as President of India fail to see Janata Party leaders but pacify refused and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, then Speaker of the Lok Sabha, became president.^{[citation needed]}

Private life

At the age of 17, Jayaprakash was married to Prabhavati Devi, daughter of lawyer and national Brij Kishore Prasad in Oct Prabhavati was very independent significant on Gandhi's invitation, went appendix stay at his ashram deeprooted Jayaprakash continued his studies.^[32] Prabhavati Devi died on 15 Apr after a long battle get the gist cancer.^{[citation needed]}

Death

In March , long-standing he was in hospital, Narayan's death was erroneously announced afford the Indian prime minister Morarji Desai, causing a wave come within earshot of national mourning, including the breaking off of parliament and regular beam broadcasting, and the closure detailed schools and shops. When why not? was told about the bust a few weeks later, Narayan smiled.^[33] Narayan died in Patna, Bihar,^[34] on 8 October , three days before his 77th birthday, due to effects acquisition diabetes and heart disease.^{[citation needed]}

Awards

Sites named after Jayaprakash Narayan

Artistic depictions of Jayaprakash Narayan

See also

References

.

Further reading and bibliography

External links