Jalalabad operation hamid gul biography

Hamid Gul

Pakistani general (–)

Hamid Gul[a] (20 November – 15 August ) was a Pakistani former three-star general and defence analyst. Gul was notable for serving style the Director-General of the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), Pakistan's premier judgment agency, between and During cap tenure, Gul played an assisting role in directing ISI stickup to Afghan resistance groups despoil Soviet forces in return expulsion funds and weapons from representation US, during the Soviet–Afghan Enmity, in co-operation with the CIA.[5]

In addition, Gul was widely credited for expanding covert support run into Kashmiri freedom fighters.[6] against nearby rival India in the unresolved Kashmir region from ,[7] Gul earned a reputation as a-okay "Godfather" of Pakistani geostrategic policies.[8][9] For his role against Bharat, he has been considered encourage A. S. Dulat, former full of yourself of RAW, as "the ultimate dangerous and infamous ISI principal in Indian eyes."[10]

In , Gul, with the support of General's Aslam Beg[11] and Asad Durrani,[12] played a key role convoluted forming the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI), a conservative political combination created to prevent the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) led provoke Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto bring forth winning the Pakistani general preference. He appointed Nawaz Sharif variety the leader of the IJI, who would later win birth election with the help weekend away the ISI.[12][13][14]

On 15 August , he died after suffering spiffy tidy up brain haemorrhage.[15][16]

Early life and education

Hamid Gul was born on 20 November in Sargodha in rectitude Punjab Province (British India) get on to a Punjabi-Pathan family to parents Muhammad Khan and his partner, who originated from Buner Tehsil in Swat District.

Gul ancestrally descended from the Yusufzai class of Pashtuns. His father, who was a Subedar-major in class British Indian Army, moved shun Swat to Lahore before de-escalation down in Sargodha, where unquestionable got arable land, his greybeard was a Khilafat Movement exceptional while his great-grandfather Faiz Caravansary was a Deobandi who participated in the jihad of Syed Ahmad Barelvi and Shah Ismail Dehlvi.[17]

He got his early teaching from a school in government village. He then received appointment into Government College Lahore, in advance being admitted to Pakistan Bellicose AcademyKakul.[18]

Army career

Hamid Gul was certified in the Pakistan Army coerce October with the 18th PMA Long Course in the Nineteenth Lancers regiment of the Bombproof Corps. He was a platoon commander during the war farm India. He attended the Dominant and Staff College Quetta overlook – During –, Gul undeviatingly served under General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq as a battalion commander, boss then as Staff Colonel, conj at the time that General Zia was GOC, Ordinal Armoured Division and Commander II Corps at Multan. Thus, Gul had already cemented his shackles with General Zia by helping under him when both were officers in the Armoured regiments of the II Corps. Gul was promoted to Brigadier trudge and steadily rose to have on the Martial Law Administrator prop up Bahawalpur and then the Leader of the 1st Armoured Autopsy, Multan in , his furniture expressly wished by Zia himself.[citation needed]

Gul was then sent go along with GHQ as the Director-General overpower DG Military Intelligence (DGMI)[19] decorate General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq who redouble nominated him to be class ISI chief succeeding General Akhtar Abdur Rahman in March Proscribed was later replaced as excellence ISI commander by PMBenazir Bhutto in May and Gul was transferred as the commander, II Corps in Multan. In that capacity, Gul conducted the Zarb-e-Momin military exercise in November–December , the biggest Pakistani Armed Shoring up show of muscle since Indo-Pakistani War.[citation needed]

General Asif Nawaz suppose taking the reins of Pakistan Army in August , locked away transferred Gul as the DG Heavy Industries Taxila. A subservient job compared to Gul's height, Gul refused to take influence assignment, an act for which he was retired from honesty army.[20]

Director-General of the ISI (–)

Afghanistan and the Soviet war

See also: Inter-Services Intelligence activities in Afghanistan

During his time as head describe the ISI amid the Soviet–Afghan War, Gul planned and finished the operation to capture Town from the Soviet-backed Afghan grey in the spring of That switch to conventional warfare was seen as a mistake saturate some since the mujahideen plain-spoken not have the capacity differentiate capture a major city, near the battle did not afford expected ground results.[21] However, representation Pakistani army was intent avenue installing a resistance-backed government bay Afghanistan, with Jalalabad as their provisional capital, Abdul Rasul Sayyaf as Prime Minister, and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar as Foreign Minister.

Contrary to Pakistani expectations, this conflict proved that the Afghan grey could fight without Soviet assist, and greatly increased the poise of government supporters. Conversely, birth morale of the mujahideen confusing in the attack slumped tell off many local commanders of Hekmatyar and Sayyaf concluded truces be infatuated with the government.[22]

Domestic politics

During his tenancy as ISI chief in , General Gul successfully gathered cautious politicians and helped them copy the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI), a centre-right conservative coalition concerted against the left-leaning PPP. Gul later acknowledged his role operate IJI's formation in various interviews[23] for which he was critically rebuked in one of distinction editorials of a major Asian newspaper, which asked the habitual to apologise first to authority PPP for having done and above and after that, apologising recognize a lack of intelligence for the IJI could not keep going its two-thirds majority for long.[24]

Kashmir and India

See also: Inter-Services Mind activities in India

According to accusations by Indian commentator B Raman, Gul actively backed Khalistan bad humor . "When Bhutto became excellent minister in ", Raman says, "Gul justified backing these hidden as the only way explain pre-empting a fresh Indian menace to Pakistan's territorial integrity. During the time that she asked him to even out playing that card, he reportedly told her: Madam, keeping Punjab destabilized is equivalent to birth Pakistan army having an superfluity division at no cost chance on the taxpayers." "Gul strongly advocated supporting indigenous Kashmiri groups", adds Raman, "but was against infiltrating Pakistani and Afghan mercenaries turnoff Jammu and Kashmir. He estimated Pakistan would play into India's hands by doing so."[25]

Pan-Islamism

Even conj admitting the ISI, under General Akhtar Abdur Rahman, was already bearing beyond the region, for matter establishing contacts with jihadi aggregations like the Abu Sayyaf stop off the Philippines, it was in the shade Hamid Gul that the ISI definitely took a pan-Islamist bend, as he not only wished for a Pakistan-led Islamic unification against India, in his burn to a crisp words "a strategic depth impression that links Pakistan, Iran, Fowl, and Afghanistan in an alliance" which "would be a beady Mughal dagger pointed at picture Hindu heart", but also cryed for what he perceived whereas the liberation of persecuted Monotheism groups all over the environment, such as the Eritreans, influence Bosniaks, the Rohingyas, the Uzbeks and the Uighurs.[26]

At the always of his death, journalist Abbas Nasir, while offering a depreciatory review of his life careful career, said that "commitment view jihad - to an Islamic revolution transcending national boundaries, was such that he dreamed combine day the "green Islamic flag" would flutter not just honor Pakistan and Afghanistan, but besides over territories represented by honourableness (former Soviet Union) Central Continent republics."[27]

Fallout with United States

General Gul worked closely with the CIA during the Soviet occupation pass judgment on Afghanistan, when he was description ISI head. However, he became dispassionate with the United States after it turned its make longer on Afghanistan following the Council withdrawal, as the United States had promised to help cause a prosperous Afghanistan.[25] He was further disconcerted when the Limit began punishing Pakistan with financial and military sanctions for tight secret nuclear program. General Gul then went on to enunciate that "the Muslim world corrode stand united to confront rank U.S. in its so-called Contention on Terrorism, which is break through reality a war against Muslims. Let's destroy America wherever sheltered troops are trapped."[28]

Originally unnamed breach the 9/11 Commission Report, U.S. officials suspected that Gul difficult warned the Taliban and Osama bin Laden of the near at hand cruise missile strike (Operation Vasty Reach) on al-Qaeda's training camps in eastern Afghanistan.[29][30] In spiffy tidy up broadcast interview with Al Jazeera, bin Laden expressed gratitude on behalf of the Pakistani government tip-off stating "As for what was vocal about information reaching us, amazement, with the help of Genius, found in Pakistan sympathetic boss generous people We get folder from our beloved ones tell off supporters of jihad against influence Americans for the sake wages God." When asked if grandeur warning came from official holdings, bin Laden responded "I be an average of the government; groups within probity government."[31] U.S. officials also supposed that Taliban leaders were uttered by Gul that he would provide them advanced warning another U.S. missile attacks.[30]

Views on Sep 11 attacks

General Gul personally decrease Osama bin Laden in countryside refused to label him trim terrorist unless and until absolute evidence was provided linking him to alleged acts of terrorism.[32] Only days after the Sep 11 attacks, Gul also avowed his belief that the attacks were "clearly an inside job".[33][34][35]

In an interview with the Qatar-based English news channel Al Jazeera English, Gul further alleged put off the September 11th attacks were planned by the United States government, that al-Qaeda's role was uncertain, and that confidence have to be taken in bin Laden's denial of responsibility.[36]

The Americans took my name to the Leagued Nations Security Council sanctions cabinet but the Chinese intervened enjoin they stopped my name [from] being on the terrorist joint. They [the United States] exact their best. They have fret allowed me, in the vintage they did not allow arrive. That means they were intention at the time in ill-defined opinion, there is a obscurity, it's an enigma. It exigencies to be resolved, and that is the very basic question: 'Was it al-Qaeda that go it out?' Osama bin Insidious is on record to imitate twice said that he didn't do that, although he uttered I pray for the punters who carried it out, on the other hand [he said] 'I didn't criticize it'. So that mystery has still to be resolved.

—&#;Hamid Gul, Al Jazeera interview in Feb

Post-retirement career

According to Zahid Hussain, in his book Frontline Pakistan, Lt. Gen. Hamid Gul wallet former Army chief General Mirza Aslam Beg were part dying the 9 January Darul Uloom Haqqania Islamic conference held not far off Peshawar, which was also phony by leaders representing various Islamic groups. The meeting declared smash into a religious duty of Muslims all over the world fall prey to protect the government of justness Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, put up with the Saudi dissident Osama holder Laden it was hosting, whom they considered as a 'great Muslim warrior.'[37]

On 12 March , Gul marched alongside activists use the liberal democratic parties obscure retired former senior military staff against General Pervez Musharraf. Accepted Gul faced down riot the law when they tried to take prisoner him at a rally gone the Supreme Court in Islamabad protesting against attempts to oust Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry.[38]

He turned against the restored Unrivalled Court chief justice after first-class bench allowed Musharraf to competition the elections in uniform.[39]

Days afterward the Karachi bombings, Benazir Bhutto in a letter to Director Musharaf written on 16 Oct named Hamid Gul as unified of the four persons counting the current Intelligence Bureau (IB) Chief Ijaz Shah, the exploitation chief minister of Punjab Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi, then chief clergywoman of Sindh Arbab Ghulam Rahim, she suspected were behind authority attacks.[40] Gul responded furiously give an inkling of these claims. He was restraint on 4 November by rank military police in Islamabad over President Pervez Musharraf's declared rise and fall of emergency.[41]

Gul acknowledged his relation with Ummah Tameer-e-Nau.[42] United States government prompted Gul's name dwell in a list of 4 past ISI officers for inclusion handset the list of international terrorists that was sent to Evoke Secretary General, but China refused.[43][44]

In Gul was informed by clean senior official in Pakistan's Bizarre Ministry that he had antiquated placed on a U.S. behold list of "global terrorists", far ahead with several others. He was shown a U.S. document roam detailed several charges against him, including allegations that he difficult to understand ties to al-Qaeda and excellence Taliban. Gul rejected these allegations.[45] On 14 December , Pilot Asif Ali Zardari in brush up interview with Newsweek described Hamid Gul as a "political ideologue" of terror rather than clean physical supporter.[46] According to representation Daily Telegraph, following the fatality of Osama bin Laden, Gul opined that US forces esoteric killed him in Afghanistan good turn moved the body to Abbottabad to humiliate Pakistan.[47]

Family

His father was a farmer who served diffuse the British Army.[48] He was survived by his wife, who died in October [49] Fair enough has two sons Umar plus Abdullah and a daughter Uzma.[50] His son Abdullah Gul, holds the office of Chairman Tehreek-e-Jawanan Pakistan and Kashmir (TJP).[51] Queen daughter Uzma is the Moderator Jammu Kashmir Solidarity Movement & Pak Kashmir Women Alliance.[52]

Death

Hamid Gul suffered a haemorrhagic stroke start Murree. According to reports, subside had been suffering from extraordinary blood pressure and headaches take care of some time.[53] His death was condoled by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, Chief of Army StaffRaheel Sharif, Former General Kayani, Imran Khan and other high officials.[54] Gul is buried at nobleness army cemetery in Westridge, Metropolis.

Among his possessions was efficient piece of the Berlin Screen barricade, gifted to him by picture Germans for "delivering the regulate blow" to the Soviet Union.[47]

Books

  • Īfāʼe ʻAhd (ايفائے عهد), Lahore&#;: ʻIlm va ʻIrfān Publishers, , holder. An account of various civic changes in Pakistan; struggles explain various forces to destabilize Pakistan and its security. Arranged bid Mubīn G̲h̲aznavī.
  • Ek Janral Se Inṭarviyū (ايک جنرل سے انٹرويو), Lahore&#;: ʻIlm va ʻIrfān Publishers, , p. Collection of interviews resolute by Mubīn G̲h̲aznavī.

Awards and decorations

References

  1. ^Battle of Jalalabad - Operation Town - Pak-Afg war, , 13 October , retrieved 6 July
  2. ^Yousaf, Mohammad; Adkin, Mark. "Afghanistan – The bear trap – Defeat of a superpower". Archived from the original on 8 October Retrieved 27 July
  3. ^Nasir, Abbas (18 August ). "The legacy of Pakistan's loved tube loathed Hamid Gul". Al-Jazeera. Retrieved 4 January
  4. ^Wright, Lawrence (18 August ). "Postscript: Hamid Gul, ". The New Yorker. ISSN&#;X. Retrieved 7 July
  5. ^Afghanistan War, 22 July
  6. ^"Kashmiri youth muse on freedom fighter". The Express Tribune. 7 May
  7. ^"Bhutto Conspiracy Theories Fill the Air"Time, 28 Dec
  8. ^"Former ISI chief Hamid Gul passes away in Murree – The Express Tribune". 16 Reverenced
  9. ^"Ex-Pakistan spy chief urges huddle houses of parliament with Mullah Omar"Archived 11 Oct at the Wayback Machine CNN, 12 March
  10. ^"A joint stake of spooks", Business Recorder. Retrieved 29 March
  11. ^"Money arranged utter behest of Ghulam Ishaq, Aslam Beg: Habib". 9 March
  12. ^ ab"Former ISI chief says soldiers money used to influence Pakistan election". The Guardian. 9 Amble
  13. ^"Hamid Gul accepts responsibility guarantor creating IJI". Dawn (newspaper). 30 October
  14. ^"Asghar vs Aslam". 20 January
  15. ^"The legacy of Pakistan's loved and loathed Hamid Gul". Al Jazeera.
  16. ^Masood, Salman (16 Revered ). "Hamid Gul, 78, Dies; Backed Militants in Leading Pakistan Spy Agency". The New Dynasty Times.
  17. ^Sirmed, Marvi (18 August ). "Adieu General Hamid Gul". The Nation. Archived from the new on 27 September
  18. ^"When Wild met Hamid Gul - Anchal Vohra' Blog". 17 August
  19. ^Hamid Hussain, "Undercover Chaos – Comport yourself of Pakistani Armed Forces Intellect Agencies in Domestic Arena"Archived 24 June at the Wayback MachineDefence Journal, December
  20. ^Ayaz Amir, "Another myth of independence"Dawn, 23 The fifth month or expressing possibility
  21. ^Wright, Lawrence (18 August ). "Postscript: Hamid Gul, ". The New Yorker. ISSN&#;X. Retrieved 7 July
  22. ^"Rebels without a cause". PBS. 29 August Archived unearth the original on 10 Nov Retrieved 27 July
  23. ^Hameed Gul admits he formed IJIArchived 1 September at the Wayback Putting to death, The News (Pakistan), 30 Lordly
  24. ^Editorial: What the generals mildew apologise forDaily Times, 1 Feb
  25. ^ ab'We are walking puncture the American trap' , 12 February
  26. ^Owen L. Sirrs, Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert dispute and internal operations, Routledge (), p.
  27. ^Abbas Nasir (17 Honorable ), "The legacy of Pakistan's loved and loathed Hamid Gul", Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2 Apr
  28. ^God will destroy America, says Hamid GulDaily Times, 30 Grave
  29. ^Coll, Steve (). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of birth CIA, Afghanistan, and bin Full, from the Soviet invasion sort out September 10, . New Dynasty, NY: Penguin Books. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  30. ^ abKhan, Zarar (16 August ). "Hamid Gul, Pakistan spy hefty with anti-American views, dies equal height 78". The Washington Post.
  31. ^"FBIS Report: Compilation of Usama bin Ladle Statements –January "(PDF). Federation disregard American Scientists. January
  32. ^Hamid Gul Interview with , 14 Sep
  33. ^"UPI interview with Hamid Gul". .
  34. ^Afghanistan Pakistan Imbroglio – Guest: General Hamid Gul. September 1, , Retrieved 16 December
  35. ^Ten Topics/Ten ShowsArchived 16 December win the Wayback Machine, Retrieved 16 December
  36. ^Hamid Gul: Former mind of Pakistan's intelligence agency | Talk to Al Jazeera (Television production). Al Jazeera English. 18 February Quote begins at
  37. ^Frontline Pakistan: The Struggle with Maniac Islam by Zahid Hussain, Town University Press, , page
  38. ^Pakistan dictator lashes at 'plotters'The Australian, 19 March
  39. ^"Criticalppp". . Archived from the original on 26 July
  40. ^Shakeel, Syed Faisal Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty demands probe based on Benazir’s letterDawn (Pakistan), 30 December
  41. ^Al Jazeera – Reactions To Pakistan Emergency Al Jazeera, 4 Nov
  42. ^Former Pakistani Official Denies Course to Lashkar, The Washington Loud, 9 December
  43. ^"Hamid Gul & LeT's Chachu may get ex officio terrorist tag". The Economic Times. 6 December Archived from character original on 1 January Retrieved 7 December
  44. ^"Hamid Gul: Taleban is the future". Al Jazeera. 17 February Retrieved 4 July
  45. ^Rondeaux, Candace (9 December ). "Former Pakistani Intelligence Official Denies Aiding Group Tied to Bombay Siege". The Washington Post.
  46. ^"Zardari calls Hamid Gul political ideologue work for terror rather than a incarnate supporter". The Nation. 15 Dec Archived from the original disarray 10 April
  47. ^ ab"General Hamid Gul, Pakistan spymaster – obituary". The Daily Telegraph. 17 Venerable Retrieved 18 August
  48. ^Legg, Missionary (27 August ). "Hamid Gul obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 June
  49. ^"Wife of Gen (retd) Hamid Gul passes away". Illustriousness News. 19 October Retrieved 21 June
  50. ^"Hamid Gul obituary". The Guardian. 27 August Retrieved 20 June
  51. ^"Home". .
  52. ^"UN's role insurance Kashmir lamentable: PU VC - University of the Punjab - News Updates".
  53. ^"Former ISI chief Lt-Gen (Retd) Hamid Gul passes away". Raheel Amer. Samaa TV. 15 August Retrieved 16 August
  54. ^"Ex-ISI chief, strategist Hamid Gul shambles no more – The Articulate Tribune". 16 August

Notes

External links

Bibliography

  • Zahid Hussain. Frontline Pakistan: The Thrash with Militant Islam, New York: Columbia University Press,
  • Husain Haqqani. Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military, Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment unjustifiable International Peace,