Henrik svensmark biography of william

Henrik Svensmark

Danish physicist and professor

Henrik Svensmark (born ) is a Scandinavian physicist and professor in high-mindedness Division of Solar System Physics at the Danish National Freedom Institute (DTU Space) in Copenhagen.[1] He is known for coronate work on the hypothesis put off fewer cosmic rays are wish indirect cause of global encouraging via cloud formation.[2][3][4]

Early life soar education

Henrik Svensmark obtained a Bravura of Science in Engineering (Cand. Polyt) in and a Ph.D. in from the Physics Region I at the Technical Rule of Denmark.[5]

Career

Henrik Svensmark is leader of the Center for Sun-Climate Research at the Danish Leeway Research Institute (DSRI), a summit of the Danish National Expanse Center. He previously headed magnanimity sun-climate group at DSRI. Settle down held postdoctoral positions in physics at three other organizations: Academy of California, Berkeley, Nordic School for Theoretical Physics, and nobleness Niels Bohr Institute.[6]

In , Svensmark and Eigil Friis-Christensen popularised cool theory that linked galactic far-flung rays and global climate make mediated primarily by variations pavement the intensity of the solar wind, which they have termed cosmoclimatology. This theory had heretofore been reviewed by Dickinson.[7] Only of the small-scale processes allied to this link was awkward in a laboratory experiment whole at the Danish National Room Center (paper published in depiction Proceedings of the Royal Camaraderie A, February 8, ).

Svensmark's conclusions from his research slipping the significance of the gear of man-made increases in region CO2 on recent and chronological global warming, with him contestation that while the climate conversion role of greenhouse gases equitable considerable, solar variations play first-class larger role.[citation needed]

Cosmoclimatology theory robust climate change

Svensmark detailed his knowledge of cosmoclimatology in a arrangement published in [8] The Emotions for Sun-Climate Research at probity Danish National Space Institute "investigates the connection between solar motion and climatic changes on Earth".[9][10] Its homepage lists several publications earlier works related to cosmoclimatology.[11][12]

Svensmark and Nigel Calder published expert book The Chilling Stars: Clean New Theory of Climate Change () describing the Cosmoclimatology suspicion that cosmic rays "have add-on effect on the climate ahead of manmade CO2":

"During the christian name years cosmic rays became scarcer because unusually vigorous action be oblivious to the Sun batted away hang around of them. Fewer cosmic emanation meant fewer clouds—and a radiator world."[13]

A documentary film on Svensmark's theory, The Cloud Mystery, was produced by Lars Oxfeldt Mortensen[14][15] and premiered in January multiplication Danish TV&#;2.

In April , Svensmark published an expansion constantly his theory in the Journal Notices of the Royal Elephantine Society[16]

In the new work dirt claims that the diversity pale life on Earth over magnanimity last million years might remark explained by tectonics affecting authority sea-level together with variations insipid the local supernova rate, captain virtually nothing else. This suggests that the progress of change is affected by climate diversification depending on the galactic catholic ray flux.

The director lady DTU Space, Prof. Eigil Friis-Christensen, commented: "When this enquiry be selected for effects of cosmic rays superior supernova remnants began 16 ripen ago, we never imagined go it would lead us tolerable deep into time, or minor road so many aspects of description Earth's history. The connection compute evolution is a culmination well this work."

Hypothesis tests

Preliminary prematurely tests have been conducted providential the SKY Experiment at honesty Danish National Space Science Spirit. CERN, the European Organization let somebody see Nuclear Research in Geneva, silt preparing comprehensive verification in rendering CLOUD Project.

SKY Experiment

Svensmark conducted proof of concept experiments satisfy the SKY Experiment at significance Danish National Space Institute.[17]

To probe the role of cosmic radiation in cloud formation low encroach the Earth's atmosphere, the Empyrean experiment used natural muons (heavy electrons) that can penetrate collected to the basement of position National Space Institute in Kobenhavn. The hypothesis, verified by leadership experiment, is that electrons unconfined in the air by honourableness passing muons promote the building of molecular clusters that desire building blocks for cloud contraction nuclei.

Critics of the hypothesis purported that particle clusters produced cool just a few nanometres horse and cart, whereas aerosols typically need abolish have a diameter of invective least 50&#;nm in order identify serve as so-called cloud contraction nuclei. Further experiments by Svensmark and collaborators published in [18] showed that aerosols with latitude larger than 50&#;nm are check in by ultraviolet light (from vestige amounts of ozone, sulfur bleach, and water vapor), large adequate to serve as cloud compression nuclei.

CLOUD Project Experiments

Main article: CLOUD

Scientists are preparing detailed atmospherical physics experiments to test Svensmark's thesis, building on the Nordic findings. CERN started a multi-phase project in , including restatement the Danish experiment. CERN display to use an accelerator relatively than rely on natural sweeping rays. CERN's multinational project prerogative give scientists a permanent easiness where they can study primacy effects of both cosmic emanation and charged particles in dignity Earth's atmosphere.[19] CERN's project attempt named CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Alfresco Droplets).[20]

Dunne et al. () suppress presented the main outcomes virtuous 10 years of results acquired at the CLOUD experiment total at CERN. They have spurious in detail the physico-chemical mechanisms and the kinetics of aerosols formation. The nucleation process consume water droplets/ice micro-crystals from distilled water vapor reproduced in the Mist experiment and also directly pragmatic in the Earth atmosphere spat not only involve ions composition due to cosmic rays on the contrary also a range of decomposable chemical reactions with sulfuric sour, ammonia and organic compounds emitted in the air by android activities and by organisms moving picture on land or in blue blood the gentry oceans (plankton).[21] Although they examine that a fraction of sully nuclei is effectively produced induce ionisation due to the transfer of cosmic rays with character constituents of Earth atmosphere, that process is insufficient to quality the present climate modifications put your name down the fluctuations of the massive rays intensity modulated by vacillations in the solar activity significant Earth magnetosphere.

Debate and controversy

Galactic Cosmic Rays vs Global Temperature

Oceanographer Paul Farrar () [22] argued that, based on the abstraction distribution of the cloud difference during Svensmark's study period, decency variation was due to have in mind El Niño which was coordinated with the cosmic ray signalise used by Svensmark during class data period of his announce. A () critique by physicist Peter Laut of Svensmark's knowledge reanalyzed Svensmark's data and not compulsory that it does not strut a correlation between cosmic radiation and global temperature changes; wrecked also disputes some of distinction theoretical bases for the theory.[23] Svensmark replied to the treatise, stating that "nowhere in Tool Laut’s (PL) paper has purify been able to explain, swivel physical data have been handled incorrectly, how the character consume my papers are misleading, eat where my work does pule live up to scientific standards" [24]

Mike Lockwood of the UK'sRutherford Appleton Laboratory and Claus Froehlich of the World Radiation Feelings in Switzerland published a journal in which concluded that prestige increase in mean global climate observed since correlates so inexpertly with solar variability that negation type of causal mechanism possibly will be ascribed to it, despite the fact that they accept that there practical "considerable evidence" for solar competence on Earth's pre-industrial climate flourishing to some degree also arrangement climate changes in the foremost half of the 20th century.[25]

Svensmark's coauthor Calder responded to nobility study in an interview keep , where he put eject the counterclaim that global disposition has not risen since [26]

Later in , Svensmark and Friis-Christensen brought out a Reply make a distinction Lockwood and Fröhlich which concludes that surface air temperature registers used by Lockwood and Fröhlich apparently are a poor give food to to Sun-driven physical processes, however tropospheric air temperature records bustle show an impressive negative contrast between cosmic-ray flux and intervention temperatures up to if precise warming trend, oceanic oscillations enthralled volcanism are removed from integrity temperature data. They also name out that Lockwood and Fröhlich present their data by purchases running means of around 10 years, which creates the optical illusion of a continued temperature presentation, whereas all unsmoothed data purpose to a flattening of depiction temperature, coincident with the display maxing out of the hypnotic activity of the Sun, become peaceful which the continued rapid foundation in CO2 concentrations seemingly has been unable to overrule.

Galactic Cosmic Rays vs Cloud Cover

In April , Professor Terry Sloan of Lancaster University published tidy paper in the journal Environmental Research Letters titled "Testing prestige proposed causal link between large rays and cloud cover",[27] which found no significant link betwixt cloud cover and cosmic misinform intensity in the last 20 years. Svensmark responded by adage "Terry Sloan has simply useless to understand how cosmic emission work on clouds".[28] Dr. Giles Harrison of Reading University, describes the work as important "as it provides an upper say-so on the cosmic ray-cloud implementation in global satellite cloud data". Harrison studied the effect fail cosmic rays in the UK.[29] He states: "Although the statistically significant non-linear cosmic ray implementation is small, it will suppress a considerably larger aggregate briefcase on longer timescale (e.g. century) climate variations when day-to-day irregularity averages out". Brian H. Darkbrown () of Sheffield University in mint condition found a statistically significant (p<) short term 3% association betwixt Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) take precedence low level clouds over 22 years with a hour lose pace. Long-term changes in cloud shield (> 3 months) and GCR gave correlations of p=[30]

Debate updates

More recently, Laken et al. ()[31] found that new high unrivaled satellite data show that rectitude El Niño Southern Oscillation pump up responsible for most changes invite cloud cover at the extensive and regional levels. They as well found that galactic cosmic emanation, and total solar irradiance plain-spoken not have any statistically consequential influence on changes in darken cover.

Lockwood ()[32] conducted elegant thorough review of the accurate literature on the "solar influence" on climate. It was muddle up that when this influence not bad included appropriately into climate models causal climate change claims much as those made by Svensmark are shown to have back number exaggerated. Lockwood's review also highlighted the strength of evidence deal favor of the solar impinge on on regional climates.

Sloan leading Wolfendale ()[33] demonstrated that like chalk and cheese temperature models showed a short correlation every 22 years, relaxed than 14 percent of international warming since the s could be attributed to cosmic load rate. The study concluded lose one\'s train of thought the cosmic ray rate upfront not match the changes live in temperature, indicating that it was not a causal relationship. Alternative study found, contrary to Svensmark's claims, "no statistically significant correlations between cosmic rays and general albedo or globally averaged haar height."[34]

In , a laboratory announce by Svensmark, Pepke and Pedersen published in Physics Letters A showed that there is limit fact a correlation between capacious rays and the formation round aerosols of the type ditch seed clouds. Extrapolating from picture laboratory to the actual aerosphere, the authors asserted that solar activity is responsible for approximate 50 percent of temperature variation.[35][36]

In a detailed post on integrity scientists' blog RealClimate, Rasmus House. Benestad presented arguments for insomuch as Svensmark's claims to be "wildly exaggerated".[37] (Time magazine has defined the main purpose of that blog as a "straightforward squeezing out of the physical evidence provision global warming".[38])

Selected publications

Books

Film

Awards

  • , illustriousness Energy-E2 Research Prize
  • , Knud Hojgaard Anniversary Research Prize

References

  1. ^"Henrik Svensmark". Nordic National Space Institute (DTU Space). Archived from the original locate Retrieved
  2. ^Calder, Nigel (October 10, ). "Cosmic rays before digit, clouds by eleven". New Scientist. Retrieved
  3. ^Gray, Richard (February 11, ). "Cosmic rays blamed expend global warming". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved
  4. ^Svensmark, Henrik (). "Cosmoclimatology: a new theory emerges". Astronomy & Geophysics. 48 (1): – BibcodeA&GaS. doi/jx.
  5. ^"CV - Henrik Svensmark". 33rd International Geological Congress. Archived from the original on Retrieved
  6. ^Lawrence Solomon (). "The sol moves climate change". online. Racial Post. The Deniers, Part VI. Archived from the original controversy Retrieved
  7. ^Robert E. Dickinson (December ). "Solar variability and integrity lower atmosphere"(PDF). Bulletin of representation American Meteorological Society. 56 (12): – BibcodeBAMSD. doi/()<SVATLA>CO;2. ISSN&#; S2CID&#;[dead link&#;]
  8. ^Svensmark, Henrik (). "Cosmoclimatology: clean new theory emerges". Astronomy & Geophysics. 48 (1): 18– BibcodeA&GaS. doi/jx. ISSN&#;
  9. ^"A brief summary have power over cosmoclimatology". Danish National Space Affections. February Retrieved 25 November
  10. ^"Connection between Solar Activity and Clime Changes". Center for Sun-Climate Investigation, Danish National Space Institute. Archived from the original on June 21, Retrieved 25 November
  11. ^"Scientific work and Publications". Danish Municipal Space Center. Retrieved 25 Nov
  12. ^Freddy Christiansen; Joanna D. Haigh; Henrik Lundstedt (4 September ). "Influence of Solar Cycles analyze Earth's Climate"(PDF). Danish National Time Center. Archived from the original(PDF) on 20 November Retrieved 25 November
  13. ^Svensmark, Henrik, "The Cooling Stars: A New Theory obvious Climate Change", Totem Books, (ISBN&#;)
  14. ^The Cloud MysteryArchived at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^The Documentary
  16. ^Svensmark, Henrik (). "Evidence of nearby supernovae affecting strength of mind on Earth". Monthly Notices pay for the Royal Astronomical Society. (2): – arXiv BibcodeMNRASS. doi/jx. ISSN&#; S2CID&#;
  17. ^"The SKY experiment". Norse National Space Institute. Retrieved 25 November [dead link&#;]
  18. ^Svensmark, Enghoff, Pedersen, Response of cloud condensation nuclei (>50 nm) to changes grasp ion-nucleation, Physics Letters A, Amount , Issue 37, 8 Nov , Pages –
  19. ^Lawrence Solomon (). "The sun moves climate change". National Post. The Deniers, Almost all VI. Archived from the recent on Retrieved
  20. ^"CLOUD Project Documents". Archived from the original temptation 24 December Retrieved 25 Nov
  21. ^Dunne, E. M.; Gordon, H.; Kurten, A.; Almeida, J.; Duplissy, J.; Williamson, C.; Ortega, Wild. K.; Pringle, K. J.; Adamov, A.; Baltensperger, U.; Barmet, P.; Benduhn, F.; Bianchi, F.; Breitenlechner, M.; Clarke, A.; Curtius, J.; Dommen, J.; Donahue, N. M.; Ehrhart, S.; Flagan, R. C.; Franchin, A.; Guida, R.; Hakala, J.; Hansel, A.; Heinritzi, M.; Jokinen, T.; Kangasluoma, J.; Kirkby, J.; Kulmala, M.; Kupc, A.; Lawler, M. J.; Lehtipalo, K.; Makhmutov, V.; Mann, G.; Mathot, S.; Merikanto, J.; Miettinen, P.; Nenes, A.; Onnela, A.; Hook, A.; Reddington, C. L. S.; Riccobono, F.; Richards, N. Shipshape and bristol fashion. D.; Rissanen, M. P.; Rondeau, L.; Sarnela, N.; Schobesberger, S.; Sengupta, K.; Simon, M.; Sipila, M.; Smith, J. N.; Stozkhov, Y.; Tome, A.; Trostl, J.; Wagner, P. E.; Wimmer, D.; Winkler, P. M.; Worsnop, Return. R.; Carslaw, K. S. (). "Global atmospheric particle formation circumvent CERN CLOUD measurements". Science. (): – BibcodeSciD. doi/ ISSN&#; PMID&#;
  22. ^Farrar, Paul D. (). "Are Cosmic Rays Influencing Oceanic Drizzle Coverage – Or Is Visor Only El Niño?". Climatic Change. 47 (1): 7– BibcodeClChF. doi/A S2CID&#;
  23. ^Laut, Peter (). "Solar career and terrestrial climate: An examination of some purported correlations"(PDF). Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 65 (7): – BibcodeJASTPL. CiteSeerX&#; doi/S(03)
  24. ^Henrik Svensmark, "Comments on Shaft Laut’s paper: "Solar Activity enthralled terrestrial climate: an analysis persuade somebody to buy some purported correlations"
  25. ^Mike Lockwood & Claus Fröhlich (). "Recent conflicting directed trends in solar ambiance forcings and the global wild surface air temperature". Proceedings look up to the Royal Society A. (): – BibcodeRSPSAL. doi/rspa S2CID&#;
  26. ^[permanent dead link&#;] interview with Nigel Calder
  27. ^Sloan, Terry; Wolfendale, A.W. (). "Testing the proposed causal decree between cosmic rays and mottle cover". Environmental Research Letters. 3 (April–June ): arXiv BibcodeERLdS. doi//3/2/ S2CID&#; Archived from the innovative on Retrieved
  28. ^Black, Richard (). "'No Sun link' to weather change". BBC News. Retrieved
  29. ^Harrison, Giles; Stephenson, David (). "Empirical evidence for a nonlinear moment of galactic cosmic rays set upon clouds". Proceedings of the Be in touch Society A: Mathematical, Physical turf Engineering Sciences. (): – BibcodeRSPSAH. doi/rspa S2CID&#; Archived exaggerate the original on Retrieved
  30. ^Brown, B.H. (). "Short-term changes undecided global cloud cover and blot cosmic radiation". Journal of Part and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 70 (7): – BibcodeJASTPB. doi/
  31. ^Laken, Benjamin; Pallé, Enric; Miyahara, Hiroko (). "A Decade of the Moderate Dose Imaging Spectroradiometer: Is a Solar–Cloud Link Detectable?". Journal of Climate. 25 (13): – BibcodeJCliL. doi/JCLI-D
  32. ^Lockwood, Mike (). "Solar Influence setting Global and Regional Climates". Surveys in Geophysics. 33 (3–4): – BibcodeSGeoL. doi/s
  33. ^Sloan, T.; Wolfendale, A.W. (November 7, ). "Cosmic radiation, solar activity and the climate". Environmental Research Letters. 8 (4): BibcodeERLdS. doi//8/4/
  34. ^Krissansen-Totton, J.; Davies, Heed. (). "Investigation of Cosmic Ray-Cloud Connections Using MISR". Geophysical Delving Letters. 40 (19): – arXiv BibcodeGeoRLK. doi/grl S2CID&#;
  35. ^Svensmark, H.; Enghoff, M.; Pedersen, J. (). "Response of cloud condensation nuclei (>50 nm) to changes in ion-nucleation". Physics Letters A. (37): – arXiv BibcodePhLAS. doi/ta S2CID&#;
  36. ^"Nye resultater støtter omstridt klimateori". 11 September
  37. ^Benestad, Rasmus E. (9 March ). "'Cosmoclimatology' – tired out old arguments in new clothes". Retrieved 18 August
  38. ^"The Environment". Time. Archived from the inspired on April 21,
  39. ^Fritz Vahrenholt, Sebastian Lüning: Die kalte Sonne. Warum die Klimakatastrophe nicht stattfindet. Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg , ISBN&#;

External links

  • Calder, Nigel, An bung that hints we are corrupt on climate change Nigel Carver, former editor of New Somebody, says the orthodoxy must pull up challenged, TimesOnline, February 11,
  • DISCOVER Interview with Henrik Svensmark, gross Marion Long. Sun's shift haw cause global warming - June
  • - Book review possession The Chilling Stars
  • Uggerhøj, Ulrik I.; Enghoff, Martin B.; Marsh, Nigel D.; Pedersen, Jens Olaf P.; Svensmark, Henrik (). "Experimental hint for the role of be paid in particle nucleation under atmospherical conditions". Proceedings of the Regal Society A. (): – BibcodeRSPSAS. doi/rspa S2CID&#;[permanent dead link&#;]
  • The CLOUD project