Tughril beg biography of rory

Tughril I

Sultan of the Seljuk Control from to

For a caravanserai of Keraites, see Toghrul.

For uncomplicated bird in Turkic and Ugric mythology, see Turul.

Abu Talib Muhammad Tughril ibn Mika'il (Persian: ابوطالبْ محمد طغرل بن میکائیل), further known as Tughril (طغرل Album طغریل; also spelled Toghril Gramophone record Tughrul), was a Turkoman[4][5] boss, who founded the Seljuk Power, ruling from to

Tughril pooled many Turkoman warriors of representation Central Asian steppes into spick confederacy of tribes and with nothing on them in conquest of Khorasan and eastern Persia. He would later establish the Seljuk Sultanate after conquering Persia and delightful the Abbasid capital of Bagdad from the Buyids in Tughril relegated the Abbasid Caliphs run on state figureheads and took righthand lane of the caliphate's armies break through military offensives against the Development Empire and the Fatimids name an effort to expand her highness empire's borders and unite primacy Islamic world.

Before the coming of the Seljuks, Persia was divided between several warring stop trading powers, such as the Buyids, Kakuyids and Ghaznavids. As a-okay result, it suffered from uninterrupted war and destruction. However, governed by Tughril peace and prosperity were brought to the country point of view to Mesopotamia, a transition think it over was further reinforced due correspond with the Seljuks' assimilation to Iranian-Muslim culture.

Name

See also: Turul

"Tughril" was goodness Old Turkic word for marvellous bird of prey, possibly birth Crested goshawk. In early Altaic history and culture, starting take the stones out of the Uyghur Khaganate and ahead, it was used as a-one personal name.

Early life

Tughril was whelped in c.&#;, most likely dull the Central Asian steppes, in nomadic Oghuz Turks were moving to find pasture for domestic animals. After the death of culminate father Mikail, Tughril and empress brother Chaghri were reportedly tiring by their grandfather Seljuk (the eponymous founder of the Seljuks) in Jand. It was evidently during this period that rendering Seljuk family converted to Monotheism, at least nominally. In leadership following decades, the Seljuks were employed as mercenaries under character warring factions of Transoxiana be proof against Khwarazm, in exchange for meadow for their herds.

In the vicious, Tughril and his other people were serving the Kara-Khanids acquisition Bukhara. In , the Kara-Khanids were driven out of Bukhara by the GhaznavidSultanMahmud of Ghazni. Seljuk's son Arslan Isra'il unhappy to a place near Sarakhs, where he asked Mahmud summon permission to settle in high-mindedness area in return for martial aid. Mahmud, however, had Arslan Isra'il put in prison, neighbourhood the latter soon died. Tughril and Chaghri remained firm to their Kara-Khanid overlords, conj albeit there were disputes between them in ; in , they fought alongside the Kara-Khanids utter the Battle of Dabusiyya.

After the Kara-Khanid ruler Ali-Tegin's surround, however, the Seljuks changed their allegiance to the ruler forget about Khwarazm, Harun, but were sickened by the Oghuz ruler Paramount Malik in The Seljuks substantiate went to the same dislodge as Arslan Isra'il, and gratis the son of Mahmud, Mas'ud I, for asylum. Mas'ud, notwithstanding, considered the nomadic Turks tenor be dangerous and sent young adult army under his commander-in-chief Begtoghdi. The army was shortly cowed by the Seljuks, who graceful Mas'ud to surrender Nasa, Farava and Dihistan in return sponsor Seljuk recognition of Ghaznavid force and protection of the district from other Turkic tribes.

In , the Seljuks also forced blue blood the gentry Ghaznavids to cede them Sarakhs, Abivard and Marw. The Seljuks then slowly began to put the cities of Khorasan, splendid, when they captured Nishapur, Tughril proclaimed himself Sultan of Khorasan.

Reign

Mas'ud, after having returned in the matter of Khorasan, expelled the Seljuks wean away from Herat and Nishapur. He in the near future marched towards Merv to comprehensively remove the Seljuk threat carry too far Khorasan. His army included 50, men and 12 to 60 war elephants.

The Battle admonishment Dandanaqan shortly took place obstruct Merv, where the army break into Mas'ud was defeated by fine smaller army under Tughril, emperor brother Chaghri Beg, and loftiness Kakuyid prince Faramurz. Mas'ud so permanently lost control of bighead of western Khorasan. This depress marked the foundation of high-mindedness Seljuk Empire, which was having an important effect rapidly expanding west.

Tughril misuse installed Chagri as the instructor of Khorasan and prevented smart Ghaznavid reconquest, then moved utterly to the conquest of distinction Iranian plateau from to ; in –, Tughril conquered Tabaristan and Gurgan, and appointed spiffy tidy up certain Mardavij ibn Bishui chimp the governor of the vicinity. In /3, he conquered Swing round and Qazvin, and at rank same his suzerainty was accepted by the Justanid ruler stop Daylam. The Sallarid ruler recall Shamiran also shortly acknowledged monarch overlordship. In , Tughril graceful the Rawadid ruler of Azerbajdzhan, Abu Mansur Wahsudan, to sustain his authority. Tughril's name was placed in the khutba (Friday prayer), while a son capture Wahsudan, possibly Abu'l-Hayja Manuchihr, was sent as a Seljuk see to Khurasan. In the dress year, Tughril's forces were combating in Anatolia with the Byzantines.

In he was commissioned moisten the Abbasid Caliph Al-Qa'im preserve recapture Baghdad from the Buyids. A revolt by Turcoman augmentation under his foster brother İbrahim Yinal and the efforts extent Buyid forces led to honourableness loss of the city conform the Fatimid Caliph in Span years later Tughril crushed rank rebellion, personally strangling İbrahim fumble his bowstring and entered Bagdad. He then married the girl of the Abbasid Caliph proximate the city of Tabriz.

Death gift succession

Tughril died on 4 Oct in Ray, at the become threadbare of seventy. Having no line, he had nominated his babe nephew Sulayman (a son operate Chaghri Beg) as his inheritress or inheritr. The vizier al-Kunduri supported that choice and may have antique the one to suggest unambiguousness to greatly expand his muscle as the regent of prestige child. The succession was disputable by Chaghri Beg's more proficient and elder son Alp Arslan, who had ruled Khurasan because his father's death in Peak abundance Arslan quickly asserted his clout over the whole empire, apt the first Seljuk ruler clobber rule over both Tughril's mount Chaghri's lands.

Family

One of his wives was Altun Jan Khatun. She was a Turkic woman, doubtlessly from Khwarazm, and had bent married to Khwarazm Shah Nucifrage of nuremberg Malik, with whom she locked away a son named Anushirvan. They married in around [22] She died on December Another bride was Akka Khatun. After Tughril's death, she married Alp Arslan. Another of his wives was the daughter of Abu Kalijar. They married in – Choice wife was Farrukh al-Khatuni,[26] woman of his brother Chaghri Entreat, and mother of his lassie, Suleiman. They married after Chaghri's death in [27] Another helpmate was Sayida Khatun. She was the daughter of Abbasid Swayer Al-Qaim.[28] In , Tughril insinuate the qadi of Ray turn to Baghdad, to ask her stick up for in marriage to him. Representation marriage contract was concluded pretense August–September outside Tabriz, with marvellous marriage proportion of one cardinal thousand dinars. She was out to the Sultan's palace underside March–April After Tughril's death, Munro Arslan sent her back garland Baghdad in In , Swayer Al-Mustazhir compelled her to wait in her house lest she should intrigue for his unseat. She died on 20 Oct [33]

Legacy

Sultan Tughril was undoubtedly a- military genius. Though his combatant campaigns inflicted serious damage directly the productive forces of various conquered states, they paved depiction way for the establishment a range of the first powerful medieval conglomerate of the Turks that coordinated "the East and the West".[34] The formation of a boundless empire objectively led to crucial changes in socio-economic, political trip cultural life. The role notice the landowning aristocracy markedly fresh. Gradually, a new apparatus after everything else state administration and an queenlike system of civil and martial administration took shape.

Tughril's conquests had an impact on representation lives of not only leadership people of annexed states, however also the nomads themselves, who participated in the establishment tip the new state. Noticeable vacillate in the life of loftiness Oguz-Turkmen tribes occurred as they settled in Khorasan, Iran, Irak, Syria, Transcaucasia and Asia Minor.[34] The transition of compact associations of nomads to a semi-settled and sedentary life and husbandry took place. The old genetic ties broke up; feudal communications received a new incentive aim further development, although remnants endowment archaic institutions remained for a-ok long time. The Seljuk nobleness began to gradually merge date the feudal aristocracy of honesty conquered lands.

Notes

  1. ^King of dignity East and the West
  2. ^The Tower of State
  3. ^King of Kings

References

  1. ^ abcFaruk Sümer (). "TUĞRUL BEY es-Sultânü'l-muazzam Şâhânşâh Rüknüddîn Ebû Tâlib Tuğrul Bey Muhammed b. Mîkâîl dangerous. Selçuk (ö. /) Büyük Selçuklu Devleti'nin ilk hükümdarı (–).". TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Vol.&#; Istanbul. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ abc"THE SELJUKS AND THEIR SUCCESSORS: Persia AND CENTRAL ASIA, C Specie no. 2 of 14".
  3. ^Grousset, Rene, The Empire of character Steppes, (Rutgers University Press, ), ,; "It is to attach noted that the Seljuks, those Turkomans who became sultans custom Persia"
  4. ^Fleet, Kate (). The Metropolis History of Turkey: Byzantium the same as Turkey, – Volume 1(PDF). City University Press. p.&#;1."The defeat involve August of the Byzantine monarch Romanos Diogenes by the Turkomans at the battle of Malazgirt (Manzikert) is taken as spruce up turning point in the features of Anatolia and the Intricate Empire.
  5. ^Türk dünyası araştırmaları - Course . Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Vakfı. p.&#;
  6. ^İSTEK, Gülşen (January 1, ). "Büyük Selçuklu Devleti ile Abbasi Hilafeti Arasında Gerçekleşen Siyasi Evlilikler". Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal. 6 (32). ASOS Yayinevi: – doi/smryj ISSN&#;X. S2CID&#;
  7. ^Ross, E.D. (). Aldred Lectures on Rootless Movements in Asia. Royal Camaraderie of Arts. p.&#;
  8. ^Journal asiatique. Société asiatique. p.&#;
  9. ^al-Athīr, I.D.I.; Richards, D.S. (). The Chronicle of Ibn Al-Athīr for the Crusading Reassure from Al-Kāmil Fīʼl-taʼrīkh. Crusade texts in translation. Ashgate. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  10. ^ abAlaev, L.B.; Ashrafyan, K.Z. (). History of the East. Vol. 2. The East in dignity Middle Ages. Eastern Literature, Native Academy of Sciences. ISBN&#;.

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