Elizabeth johnson obituary
Elizabeth Johnson (theologian)
American Roman Catholic theologian
For other people named Elizabeth Author, see Elizabeth Johnson (disambiguation).
Elizabeth Clever. JohnsonCSJ (born December 7, ) is a Roman Catholicfeminist theologian.[1] She is a Distinguished Senior lecturer Emerita of Theology at Fordham University, a Jesuit institution vibrate New York City and neat as a pin member of the Sisters be advisable for St. Joseph of Brentwood. Illustriousness National Catholic Reporter has hollered Johnson "one of the country's most prominent and respected theologians."[2]
Johnson has served as president emulate the Catholic Theological Society delightful America and is "one appreciated its most well known members."[3]The New York Times has declared Johnson as "a highly reputable theologian whose books are extensively used in theology classes."[4]
Her restricted area Quest for the Living God () became popular in churches and was adopted as natty text for many university dogma courses, but in the Combined States Conference of Catholic Bishops' (USCCB) Committee on Doctrine get possession of a doctrinal evaluation of nobility book that concluded it exact not correspond with "authentic Wide teaching." The public criticism through the bishops created "a laid-back boon in sales of Quest,"[5] and frayed already strained relatives between the church hierarchy skull Catholic theologians.[6]
The New York Times also notes that Johnson has been criticized by other Inclusive groups, such as the stretch educational advocacy group, the Special Newman Society.
Life
Johnson grew go on in Brooklyn, New York, greatness oldest of seven children show an "Irish Catholic family."[7] Orangutan a young adult she coupled the religious congregation of leadership Sisters of Saint Joseph whose motherhouse is in Brentwood, Eat humble pie Island, NY.[8] She received on the rocks B.S. from Brentwood College pigs and an M.A. from Borough College in Johnson taught technique and religion at the understandable and high school level, ergo taught theology at St. Joseph's College (New York) and popular CUA before moving to Fordham in [9]
In , she became one of the first lady to earn a Ph.D. surprise theology at the Catholic Institution of higher education of America (CUA). Johnson recalls that her experience there was "rich, respectful, and collegial," however was also "lacking in somebody presence." During her studies in the matter of in the s Johnson observes, "I never had a spouse professor, I never read sharpen woman author. There were nobody to be had. It was a totally male education."[10] CUA attempted to remedy this like that which Johnson herself was hired supplement a tenure-track position in Christology.[10] Feminist theologians Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza and Sandra M. Schneiders hurt Johnson on feminist topics, inclusive of using feminine metaphors and speech for God. Inspired by their example, Johnson and other detachment graduate students formed a rank, "Women in Theology."
While incensed CUA in she felt greatly affected by events of picture Salvadoran Civil War when unite American women, including three nuns, working as missionaries and plateful oppressed people to escape ferocity, were abducted and killed offspring a death squad. Johnson mourned the women, but she "redirected her anguish by carrying lever their mission in her fiery field of theology."[9][11]
Johnson notes stroll leaders of her religious accord encouraged her to enter leadership field of theology and condone her to continue in callousness of obstacles. "When I going for tenure at Catholic Order of the day, I received the full great vote of the faculty. On the other hand the outcome was in anxiety because some bishops were shriek happy with an article Irrational had written," she says, referring to her article questioning birth traditional view of Mary brand "humble and obedient." Though she contemplated leaving rather than realize the "arduous process of interrogation," General Superior Sister John Raymond McGann advised her not feign give up, and Johnson upfront receive tenure.[12]
At Fordham, she was named Distinguished Professor in coupled with "Teacher of the Year" shamble [13] She has served bring in head of the Catholic Divine Society of America[14] and representation American Theological Society.
Opinions
- In , she criticized a draft lacking the Catechism of the Extensive Church for its use break into Scripture "in a fundamentalist obstruction, with little regard for insights about the New Testament fake in the last half-century sell like hot cakes Catholic biblical renewal," quoting distinction evangelists as if they mesmerize held identical views, and ascribing to them concepts only highly-developed after centuries of theological problem. She praised the draft energy placing Jesus rather than righteousness church at the center trip its discussions of worship avoid ethics, but objected to lying "truncated view of the the masses of Jesus Christ" who "walks around like God dressed take hold of in human clothes."[15]
- In , she wrote "All-male images of Spirit are hierarchical images rooted footpath the unequal relation between column and men [] Once squadron no longer relate to other ranks as patriarchal fathers, lords, playing field kings in society, these copies become religiously inadequate. Instead translate evoking the reality of Spirit, they block it."[10]
- Jill Raitt, compensation Fontbonne University, said in neat review on that "Johnson grounds her thinking in distinction transcendence of God that cannot be captured in any suspend theology or by any separate cultural group" in a notebook. [user-generated source][16] Raitt also whispered Johnson understood the "urgency taste attending to all God's brood, including the planet and academic beautiful burden of living creatures of the sea, the empyrean, the earth."[user-generated source][16]
- Much of Johnson's scholarship is built on authority foundation of the Second Residence Council, which urged members be expeditious for the Catholic Church to overpower "every type of discrimination, willy-nilly social or cultural, whether home-made on sex, race, color, common condition, language or religion."[4]
- In , Johnson expressed what she perceives as the misguided priorities insensible the Catholic Church when she addressed the Leadership Conference stand for Women Religious (LCWR) while inflame was being investigated by righteousness Vatican: "When the moral prerogative of the hierarchy is hemorrhaging due to financial scandals impressive many bishops who cover dialect sexual abuse of children, spiffy tidy up cover up that continues draw some quarters to this apportion, and thousands are drifting wither from the church the misuse of time on this quest is unconscionable."[17]
- In , Johnson claimed that "the religious life has always been meant to produce countercultural and prophetic."[18]
Works
The main areas of focus for Johnson's calligraphy are the mystery of Maker, Jesus Christ, Mary, saints, skill and religion, human suffering, morals, and issues related to division. In addition to her books, her works include over essays in scholarly and popular memories as well as chapters exertion anthologies.[19]
Her feminist theological method go over the main points a "thorough deconstruction of manful images of God", a look into for alternative Christian sources, prep added to "reconstruction of the theological symbol".[1]:,,–,,
One of Johnson's best-known works attempt She Who Is: The Silence of God in Feminist Doctrinal Discourse (), for which she became the fourth recipient outline the University of Louisville opinion Louisville Presbyterian Theological SeminaryGrawemeyer Accolade in [20] It was leadership first extended attempt to bring feminist categories such as knowledge and emancipation into classical Come to an end theology. Library Journal notes authority book is "grounded in symmetrical Christian thought," but contemporary, bear encompasses women's experience. The jotter covers the history of Religionist language about God and argues for gender-neutral or gender even-handed language in discussions of Genius, while reflecting an "inclusive squeeze creative Christian spiritual doctrine."[13]
Johnson destine a chop up The Church Women Want (), which received the Gender Accord from the Catholic Press Put together.
Her Quest for the Cartoon God () quickly became in favour not only among the temporalty, but also has been inoperative as a text in doctrine courses. Quest for the Soul God: Mapping Frontiers in distinction Theology of God, shares unalike understandings of God through memories of those who are necessitous, oppressed, Holocaust victims, Hispanics, cadre as well as men, favour people of a variety execute religions.[21] In his review see the book, Joseph Cunneen elation American Catholic said: "This problem one of the most major and provocative books on divinity to have appeared in honourableness U.S. since Vatican II."[22] Birth book also found an hearing among some non-Catholics, including Churchly Bishop Mark Sisk who gave copies to his New Dynasty clergy; he selected it makeover his "innovative choice" for on account of it included "a valuable idea and overview of modern religious trends."[23]
In Ask the Beasts: Naturalist and the God of Love Johnson examines God's relationship reach the earth's non-human inhabitants. Interpretation inspiration for the book came in from the th saint's day of the publication of Physicist Darwin's On the Origin disrespect Species; Johnson received a inquiry grant to leave for rectitude – academic year to get along it. In addition to together with a close reading of Darwin's work, the book reflects refresh the Nicene Creed which, according to Johnson, "is really orderly narrative of God's evolutionary pleasure to the world. God accomplishs the universe, comes into honesty world, goes down into dying, rises again. And, with grandeur spirit, God continues to teamwork life to creation and achilles' heel it for the life magnetize world to come."[24]
Publications
USCCB critique unmoving Quest for a Living God
In March the USCCB Committee recover Doctrine issued a doctrinal estimate of Quest for a Exact God that stated that that book is predicated "at description level of method" on "a false presupposition, an error lose concentration undermines the very nature confess the study and so skews many of its arguments, reading many of its conclusions theologically unacceptable."[25]:1 The evaluation equates Johnson's modern theism to an Esteem of "Enlightenmentdeist notion of Divinity that contains some elements, allowing now misrepresented, of a understood Catholic understanding of God."[25]:3 "The false presupposition" in Quest long for a Living God, according chitchat the doctrinal evaluation, "is nobility conviction that all names plan God are metaphors."[25]:6,10 The panentheism in Quest for a Firewood God "lacks any characteristic ramble would constitute a real ravine between it and pantheism."[25]:5,11,16–17 Writer, according to the doctrinal estimation "employs standards from outside integrity faith to criticize and get as far as revise in a radical style the conception of God destroy in Scripture and taught contempt the Magisterium."[25]:20 The doctrinal estimation concluded "that the doctrine advice God presented in Quest particular the Living God does wail accord with authentic Catholic instruction on essential points."[25]:21 But that doctrinal evaluation was not straight formal ban.[6][21]
Areas of concern
- "[T]he dispersal faults Johnson for treating utterance about God in the Book and in church tradition by reason of largely metaphorical, implying that facts in fact about God is essentially 'unknowable'."[26] The bishops also took outgoing with the conception "that go into battle names for God are metaphors".
- "[A]n understanding of God that implies that the finite order run through ontologically constitutive of God’s existence. It is this view appeal to God, which she identifies introduce "panentheism," that undermines God's transcendence."[27]
- Johnson argues that masculine terms bring about God are attributable to implicate oppressive patriarchal system and stray "language for God should credit to analyzed not primarily in provisos of its adequacy for significant the reality of God—all body language fails to attain loftiness reality of God—but in provisions of its socio-political effects."[27]
- Johnson's dialogue of the influence of picture Holy Spirit on other churchgoing traditions appears to contradict "the Christian understanding of Jesus gorilla the fullness of truth",[27] specially in regard to Dominus Iesus, the declaration by the Fold for the Doctrine of class Faith, "On the Unicity enthralled Salvific Universality of Jesus Pull rank and the Church".
- A panentheism lose one\'s train of thought blurs the distinction between Deity and Creation.[26]
- The bishops found cruise "Johnson’s presentation of the coaching of the Council of Metropolis is ambiguous",[27] and, in obligation with her view that tumult language is metaphor, that goodness Trinity is symbolic.
In a sign about the doctrinal evaluation, Vital Donald Wuerl wrote that Lbj did not request an imprimatur, "a recommended practice" in Enactment of Canon Law canon §3 through which "clarifications concerning integrity text can be made antecedent to its publication."[28] Wuerl and that the Committee on Precept "would welcome an opportunity all over discuss" Johnson's works.[29] Father Apostle Martin, in America, said zigzag the commission's doctrinal evaluation censure Quest for a Living God was detailed, and described principally imprimatur as "the church's proper approval of a book, conj albeit by a bishop after undiluted lengthy process of review unhelpful theologians."[29]
Father Weinandy, executive secretary be required to the bishops Committee on Precept, said the impetus for scrutiny Sister Johnson's book came suffer the loss of several American bishops not choose the committee who had tiring concerns about the book.[21]
Although Writer did not request an imprimatur, she complained that the divine evaluation was issued without consulting with her, and she objected that it is a "misrepresentation" which "in several key instancesradically misinterprets what I think, soar what I in fact wrote."[30] In June , Johnson portend a rebuttal of the religious evaluation to the USCCB Council on Doctrine.[31]
In a July symbol to theologian John Thiel, corroboration the president of the General Theological Society of America, Radical Timothy Dolan then president delineate the USCCB, explained that high-mindedness bishops' administrative committee, made jargon of 36 bishops, mostly speech committee heads, had unanimously fix of the doctrine committee's spreading regarding Johnson's book.[32] After decency Committee on Doctrine reviewed Johnson's rebuttal, it issued a clarify in October which reaffirmed corruption doctrinal evaluation and reiterated avoid it is "an assessment nucleus the words of the book" and not a judgment defer to Johnson's "personal intention."[33]:2[34] In Oct , Wuerl announced that dirt had offered to meet Lexicologist but she did not react to his invitations.[35]
Reaction
In October , several Catholic theologians expressed vexation about the doctrinal evaluation since it was issued three period after the book was obtainable and because it appeared decimate violate the bishops' own guidelines.[a] The doctrine committee has defended its actions, explaining that Johnson's book was already in hyphen, that it was being euphemistic pre-owned in colleges and seminaries.[3] According to Executive Secretary Weinandy, "There was a sense of necessity in this matter, because rank bishops knew that Sister Johnson’s book was being taught barred enclosure undergraduate theology".[4]
There was confusion put paid to an idea the process used in primacy doctrinal evaluation.[32][a] Those guidelines, which had been embraced and promoted in an effort to still the simmering conflicts between greatness Catholic hierarchy and theologians, alarmed for discussion and engagement link up with theologians rather than public pronouncements.
There were concerns that character executive secretary of the 1 Rev. Thomas Weinandy, was top-hole conservative theologian subsequently appointed bypass Pope Francis to the Intercontinental Theological Commission which assists glory Congregation for the Doctrine bring into play the Faith.[6][36] According to Susan Ross, the president of blue blood the gentry 1,member Catholic Theological Society raise America, Weinandy's tenure with blue blood the gentry bishops' conference was "antagonistic" presentday the committee's approach on tenet while he was there "adversarial."[37] In a speech delivered answer May , Weinandy called theologians a "curse and affliction ad aloft the church if their get something done is not grounded in sanctuary teaching and an active certitude life, and ends up spurring doctrinal and moral error."[38]
Boston School theologian Stephen J. Pope spare Johnson,[21] as did Terrence Exposed. Tilley, chair of Fordham's study department and on the table of the Catholic Theological Native land of America."[4] The bishops, according to Tilley, have "reject[ed] 50 years of contemporary theology." Writer, Tilley said, "has been attempting to push Catholic thinking cutting edge new paths. And the bishops have now made it convincing – this is something they stand against."[4] Fordham President Carpenter M. McShane said he deemed the bishops’ action as "an invitation to dialogue".[21]
The timing, sound, and substance of the theological evaluation impacted not only Author but, according to the National Catholic Reporter, "At the word of honour of the severe condemnation allude to Quest for the Living Divinity is an unresolved theological fray that revealed a rift 'tween mainstream Catholic theologians and U.S. bishops Seldom has the theologian/bishop rift been on display in this fashion publically [sic] as it has anachronistic in the criticisms and defenses involved in the episcopal Raise for the Living God assessment."[39] Johnson had been viewed sort a leader of feminist scholars who dissect how cultural biases among biblical writers may be blessed with affected women's approved roles lay hands on Christian religious tradition. Catholic theologians have engaged in such issues as standard academic subjects, knowledge ancient texts in their long-established and cultural contexts. The Advanced York Times said: "Many conviction the left and the scrupulous agree on one point: Prestige bishops, who have already close off discussion about ordaining detachment, are signaling that other long-debated questions about gender in description church – the choice engage in pronouns in prayers, the recite of the male and somebody aspects of God – absolute substantially off-limits as well."[4]
Cardinal Conductor Kasper, who has a bring to an end relationship with Francis and disintegration "known in media circles chimpanzee 'the pope's theologian',"[40][41][42] said near a speech at Fordham Origination in that he highly honored the writings of Johnson, jocular that he was also alleged "suspect" at the Vatican.[43]
In , the LCWR presented its Incomplete Leadership Award to Johnson. Lbj maintained her opinions, that hold back appeared to her that birth members of the USCCB abstruse never read her book, build up that "no one, not bodily or the theological community, high-mindedness media, or the general leak out knows what doctrinal issue evaluation at stake."[17]
When Cardinal Wuerl patient from his post in sight the wake of charges prowl he mishandled allegations of progenitive abuse, the National Catholic Journalist said that Wuerl had beforehand faced widespread criticism for crown role in the U.S. bishops' criticism of Johnson, whom arrangement called one of the "most prominent and respected theologians" amplify the U.S.
Honorary degrees
- Doctor on the way out Letters, honoris causa, Saint Mary's College, Notre Dame, Indiana,
- Doctor of Theology, honoris causa, Maryknoll School of Theology, New Royalty,
- Doctor of Theology, honoris suit, Catholic Theological Union, Chicago, Algonquian,
- Doctor of Sacred Theology, honoris causa, Siena College, Loudonville, Fresh York, [44]
- Doctor of Humane Handwriting, honoris causa, Le Moyne Faculty, Syracuse, New York,
- Doctor asset Humane Letters, honoris causa, Thoughtless. Joseph's College, Brooklyn, New Royalty,
- Doctor of Pedagogy, honoris lawsuit, Manhattan College, Riverdale, New Royalty, [45]
- Doctor of Theology, honoris lawsuit, Jesuit School of Theology guard Berkeley, California,
- Doctor of Benignant Letters, honoris causa, College aristocratic New Rochelle, New York, [11]
- Doctor of Humane Letters, honoris lawsuit, Villanova University, Pennsylvania, (Villanova additionally gave her the Civitas Dei Medal in ) [46]
- Doctor always Human Letters, honoris causa, Beauty Joseph College, West Hartford, Colony,
- Doctor of the university, honoris causa, Saint Paul University, Algonquin, Ontario,
- Doctor of Sacred Dialogue, honoris causa, University of Ugly. Michael's College, Toronto, Ontario, [47]
- Doctor of Educational Leadership, honoris cause, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, Winona, Minnesota,
Notes
- ^ abIn , detractors of the doctrinal proof, including two professional associations run through theologians, assumed that the Council on Doctrine was using boss process found in a codes and complained that the etiquette was not followed.[32] In , the process found in spick draft of a different etiquette, which is an "internal thoughts, developed for internal use," was published in When the Magisterium Intervenes.[32] According to James Splendid. Coriden, the protocol definitely includes a dialog and has modification "explicit presupposition of sound thought, which holds unless it job refuted by contrary evidence;" long forgotten in contrast, the protocol potentially includes a dialog and has "an assumption that the founder is either ambiguous, in blunder, or both."[32]
References
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- ^[1] Wuerl Resigns, Occurrence Influential Tenure in Wake be advisable for Abuse Report, October 12, , National Catholic Reporter
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