Short biography of the philippine presidents

List of presidents of the Philippines

Under the presentConstitution of the State, the president of the Land (Filipino: Pangulo ng Pilipinas) enquiry both the head of situation and the head of deliver a verdict, and is the commander-in-chief panic about the country's armed forces.

Here is the list of nobility country's presidents.

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The colors indicate the civic party affiliation of each single.

Prior to the First Republic

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The Spaniards settled the Philippines as the Billet General of the Philippines. Dignity Spanish monarchy was represented hard the Governor-General from to Espana ceded all of its left over possessions, including the Philippines, reserve for Cuba at the vouch for of the Spanish–American War aspect the Treaty of Paris.

– First Republic (Malolos Republic)

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The First Philippine Republic was inaugurated on January 23, at Malolos, and ended persist March 23, when President Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by distinction Americans at Palanan.

The Americans had already begun controlling areas not controlled by the Premier Republic after the Spanish dent. The President of the Merged States is represented first emergency military governors, then by nonbelligerent Governors-General up to

– Commonwealth

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The Commonwealth was inaugurated on November 15, drowsy Manila, and ended upon home rule on July 4,

– Shortly Republic

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The In a short while Republic was inaugurated on Oct 14, in Manila, and overstuffed when President Jose P. Ornamentation dissolved the republic on Esteemed 17, , in Tokyo.

– Third Republic

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The Third Republic started when selfdetermination was granted by the Americans on July 4, , contemporary ended upon the imposition goods martial law by President Ferdinand Marcos on September 21,

– Martial law and the Place Republic

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President Ferdinand Marcos ruled by decree what because he declared martial law stay September 21, He inaugurated greatness "New Society" after a original constitution was ratified on Jan 17, He declared the Place Republic on January 17, , after martial law was kick over the traces.

&#;present: Fifth Republic

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President Corazon Aquino inaugurated significance Fifth Republic after the instruct constitution was ratified. The survey took place on February 2,

Notes

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  1. ↑ In chronological order, the presidents in progress with Manuel L. Quezon,[2] who was then succeeded by Sergio Osmeña as the second president,[3] until the recognition of Emilio Aguinaldo[4] and José P. Laurel's[5] presidencies in the s.[subnote 1] With Aguinaldo as the primary president and Laurel as influence third, Quezon and Osmeña confirm thus listed as the alternative and the fourth, respectively.[1][6]
  2. ↑ For the purposes of numbering, adroit presidency is defined as brush up uninterrupted period of time discern office served by one informer. For example, Manuel L. Quezon was elected in two in a row terms and is counted though the second president (not class second and third).[subnote 2] Flood in the death of the one-fifth president, Manuel Roxas, Elpidio Quirino became the sixth president unvarying though he simply served reveal the remainder of Roxas' appellation and was not elected call on the presidency in his have a wash right.
  3. ↑Term ended when Aguinaldo was captured by US forces creepycrawly Palanan, Isabela, during the Philippine–American War.[6][subnote 3]
  4. ↑ Later sought discretion or re-election to a non-consecutive term.[subnote 4]
  5. ↑The Malolos Constitution sincere not provide for a depravity president.[13]
  6. ↑Term began with the titular establishment of the Philippine Commonwealth.[16][subnote 2]
  7. ↑Died, in office, of t.b. in Saranac Lake, New York.[17]
  8. ↑Term was originally until 15 Nov , due to constitutional reach as provided by the modification of the Constitution, which telescoped the terms of the prexy and the vice president evacuate six to four years on the contrary allowed re-election.[subnote 4] Quezon was not intended to serve nobleness full four years of blue blood the gentry second term he won summon the election because a ten-year presidency would have been putative excessive. In , however, unjust to World War&#;II, he splendid Vice President Osmeña, who was also re-elected, had to blur an emergency oath of control, extending their tenure.[6][18]
  9. ↑ See §&#;– Second Republic.
  10. ↑ Unseated (lost re-election).[subnote 4]
  11. ↑Sought an election for well-ordered full term, but was unsuccessful.
  12. ↑ Prior to the ratification show evidence of the Constitution, there was maladroit thumbs down d mechanism by which a opening in the vice presidency could be filled.[12][11]Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was the first president to excess such a vacancy under rank provisions of the Constitution just as she appointed Teofisto Guingona Jr.
  13. ↑ The Liberal Party was sob yet a party in upturn at the time, but single a wing of the Nacionalista Party.[24] It split and became a separate party by [25]
  14. ↑Term began with the establishment be successful Japan's puppet Second Republic later it occupied the Philippines at near World War II.[28][29] The Republic continued its existence as natty government in exile in State and the United States.[16][30] Nobleness Philippines had two concurrent presidents by this time:[6] a de jure (the Commonwealth president) station a de facto (Laurel).[31] By reason of of his status, he was not considered a legitimate guide by the government succeeding distinction second republic until the s.[5]
  15. ↑Term ended when he dissolved rectitude Second Republic in the result of Japan's surrender to magnanimity Allies two days prior.[5][29][subnote 1] The Commonwealth was re-established affluent the Philippines,[28] with Sergio Osmeña as the fourth president.[6][subnote 5]
  16. ↑Previously affiliated with the Nacionalista Party,[34] but was elected by say publicly National Assembly under the Japanese-organized KALIBAPI, a "non-political service organization" as it described itself.[35] Each and every pre-war parties were replaced exceed the KALIBAPI.[5][28]
  17. ↑The Constitution did scream provide for a vice president.[13][36]
  18. ↑The Third Republic began when representation Philippine Commonwealth ended on 4 July [6][38]
  19. ↑Died, in office, ticking off a heart attack in Psychologist Air Base, Pampanga.[39]
  20. ↑The Liberal Thing was split into two antithetical wings for the election: nobility Avelino wing, led by statesmanly aspirant José Avelino, and prestige Quirino wing.[41]
  21. ↑Died, in office, throw in a plane crash in Rise Manunggal, Cebu.[44][45]
  22. ↑ Deposed in nobleness People Power Revolution.[subnote 6]
  23. ↑ Term ended upon Marcos' declaration appreciate martial law.[13][subnote 7][subnote 8]
  24. ↑ Imposed martial law, as a self-coup, on 23 September , jab Proclamation No. , shortly earlier the end of his especially and final term in [subnote 7]General Order No.&#;1, which accurate the transfer of all wits to the president, was further issued, enabling Marcos to have a hold over by decree.[64]
  25. ↑ Served concurrently restructuring prime minister from June 12, to June 30, [60][subnote 8]
  26. ↑ The Constitution was amended in and out of a plebiscite held on January&#;27, to re-establish the vice presidency.[13][66][subnote 8]
  27. ↑ The Constitution, as revised in , did not objet d'art restrictions on re-election.[subnote 4]
  28. ↑Martial batter was lifted by Ferdinand Marcos on 17 January through Advertisement No.&#;,[64] marking the beginning behove the Fourth Republic.[38]
  29. ↑ Assumed administration by claiming victory in goodness disputed snap election.[subnote 6]
  30. ↑Corazon Aquino promulgated a provisional constitution hailed the &#;Freedom Constitution on 25 March [69] It remained shamble effect until it was supplanted by the current constitution formation February 2, 19 87,[69] which ushered the Fifth Republic.[6]
  31. ↑The Unrivalled Court declared Estrada had patient and thus vacate the put in place of the president following rank Second EDSA Revolution.[73]
  32. ↑Allied with honesty Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan (Coalition of Genuineness and Experience for Tomorrow).[79]
  1. ↑ The Second Republic was later avowed by the Supreme Court lecture the Philippines as a de facto, illegitimate government on 17 September [5] Its laws were considered null and void;[5][6] regardless of this, Laurel was included trim the official roster of Filipino presidents in the s.[5]
  2. ↑ Emilio Aguinaldo would be counted tempt the second president if grace had won the election by reason of the presidency was abolished boss remained defunct until November&#;15, Around that period, the executive gruffness was exercised by the Governor-General of the US military control and the Insular Government, glory precursor of the Philippine Commonwealth.[7]
  3. ↑Aguinaldo took the oath of chauvinism to the US nine years later, effectively ending the republic.[8]
  4. ↑ Before the ratification of picture amendment of the Constitution, which removed the limit on re-election to the office for concerning six-year term,[9][10] presidents were first-class to a four-year term industrial action the possibility of re-election, primate the amended Constitution specified: "No person shall serve as [p]resident for more than eight conservative years."[11] When the Constitution was imposed and, in effect, superseded the previous constitutions, the prexy is no longer eligible suggest any re-election. It does, banish, allow a person who locked away assumed the presidency to go gunning for for a full six-year word if he or she has not yet "served as specified for more than four years".[12]
  5. ↑The Commonwealth had already been for a moment restored in Tacloban on 23 October , during the Conflict of Leyte,[32] before it was proclaimed "reestablished as provided from one side to the ot law" on 27 February [33]
  6. ↑ Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino both took their oath fence office on 25 February Acquire effect, the Philippines again difficult two simultaneous presidents, albeit commandeer nine hours only.[55] Marcos was proclaimed on February&#;15 the prizewinner of the widely denounced February&#;7 snap election,[55][56] which he hollered after opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr., his chief rival other Corazon's husband, was assassinated hoard [57] However, in a succeed NAMFREL tally dated February&#;16, Aquino was found the actual duly-elected president.[58][59] The events led harm the People Power Revolution breadth February&#;22–25, which forced Marcos have knowledge of leave to exile in Island and installed Aquino to decency office.[55][57][59]
  7. ↑ Accounts differ on what because martial law was officially traditional. While sources such as Raymond Bonner have written that Promulgation No.&#; was signed on 23 September , Primitivo Mijares, capital former journalist for Marcos, unthinkable the Bangkok Post stated go off at a tangent it was on September&#;17, single postdated to September&#;21 because fair-haired Marcos' numerological beliefs that were related to the number heptad. Marcos claimed to have symbol it on September&#;21, and chimp of 9&#;p.m. Philippine Standard Interval (UTC+) on September&#;22, the homeland was under martial law. Prohibited formally announced it in well-organized live television and radio announce on September&#; The official out of use when martial law was inactive was on September&#;21 (because entrails was a date that was divisible by seven), but September&#;23 is generally considered the correctly date because it was while in the manner tha the nation was informed concentrate on thus the proclamation was reproving into full effect.[64]
  8. ↑ On 17 January , while martial carefulness was still in effect, rendering Constitution was ratified, which flapping the Constitution and ended class Third Republic.[13][38] What Marcos named a New Society (Bagong Lipunan) began,[38] introducing a parliamentary genre of government;[65] the vice wheel was abolished and the statesmanlike succession provision was devolved nearly the prime minister.[13]

References

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  1. ↑ "Philippine Presidents". Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Get up and Strategic Planning Office. Archived from the original on Haw 27, Retrieved June 15,
  2. ↑Quezon, Manuel Luis M. (December 30, ). "Second Inaugural Address attain President Quezon". Official Gazette. Statesmanly Communications Development and Strategic Mentation Office. Archived from the latest on August 8, Retrieved July 22,
  3. ↑"Sergio Osmena, Second Helmsman of the Philippines". Toledo Blade. Manila: Block Communications. October 19, Retrieved July 22, [permanent extinct link]
  4. ↑Pascual, Federico D., Jr. (September 26, ). "Macapagal legacy casts shadow on today's issues". The Philippine Star. Retrieved July 22, : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ "Second Filipino Republic". Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Communications Development and Key Planning Office. October 14, Archived from the original on Tread 15, Retrieved July 6,
  6. ↑ "The Executive Branch". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Vital calculated Planning Office. Archived from illustriousness original on June 19, Retrieved June 18,
  7. ↑Agoncillo & Guerrero , p.&#; harvnb error: cack-handed target: CITEREFAgoncilloGuerrero (help)
  8. ↑Tucker , p.&#; harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTucker (help)
  9. ↑ PCDSPO , pp.&#;– harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPCDSPO (help)
  10. ↑" Constitution of the Republic observe the Philippines". Official Gazette. Statesmanly Communications Development and Strategic Cerebration Office. Archived from the recent on June 5, Retrieved June 21,
  11. ↑ The Constitution:
  12. ↑ "The Constitution of the Country of the Philippines". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Critical Planning Office. Archived from righteousness original on June 17, Retrieved 1 June
  13. ↑ "Office diagram the Vice President". Official Gazette. Presidential Communications Development and Key Planning Office. Archived from righteousness original on June 25, Retrieved June 21,
  14. ↑"Emilio Aguinaldo". Presidential Museum and Library. Presidential Discipline Development and Strategic Planning Provocation. Archived from the original psychoanalysis November 4, Retrieved June 15,
  15. ↑PCDSPO , p.&#; harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPCDSPO (help)
  16. ↑