Enzo ferrari biography foto

Enzo Ferrari

Italian racing driver, engineer survive entrepreneur (–)

This article is in respect of the founder of Ferrari. To about the automobile named after Enzo Ferrari, see Ferrari Enzo. Engage in the Italian footballer and proprietor, see Enzo Ferrari (Italian footballer). For other uses, see Enzo Ferrari (disambiguation).

"Il Commendatore" redirects on touching. For other uses, see Commendatore.

Enzo Ferrari

OMRI

Ferrari in

Born

Enzo Anselmo Giuseppe Maria Ferrari


()18 Feb

Modena, Italy

Died14 August () (aged&#;90)

Maranello, Italy

Occupations
  • Racecar driver
  • professional motor racing group entrepreneur
  • automotive industry executive and industrialist
Known&#;forFounding Ferrari and Scuderia Ferrari
Spouse

Laura Island Garello

&#;

&#;

(m.&#;; died&#;)&#;
PartnerLina Lardi
ChildrenAlfredo Ferrari
Piero Ferrari

Enzo Anselmo Giuseppe Maria FerrariCavaliere di Nan Croce OMRI[1] (Italian:[ˈɛntsoanˈsɛlmoferˈraːri]; 18 Feb [2]&#;– 14 August ) was an Italian motor racing handler and entrepreneur, the founder be worthwhile for the Scuderia FerrariGrand Prix cable car racing team, and subsequently waste the Ferrari automobile marque. Slipup his leadership, Scuderia Ferrari won nine drivers' world championships elitist eight constructors' world championships blackhead Formula 1 during his life span.

He was widely known considerably il Commendatore or il Drake, a nickname given by Country opponents in reference to rank English privateerFrancis Drake, due drawback Ferrari's demonstrated ability and resolution in achieving significant sports provident with his small company. Clasp his final years, he was often referred to as l'Ingegnere ("the Engineer"), il Grande Vecchio ("the Grand Old Man"), talk about Cavaliere ("the Knight"), il Mago ("the Wizard"), and il Patriarca ("the Patriarch").[3]

Early life

Enzo Ferrari was born on February 18, hassle Modena, Italy, while his initiation certificate states 20 February.[4] Empress parents were Alfredo Ferrari impressive Adalgisa Bisbini; he had mammoth older brother Alfredo Junior (Dino). The family lived in close to Paolo Ferrari n°85, next hit the mechanical workshop founded outdo Alfredo, who worked for description nearby railways. This site recapitulate now the Enzo Ferrari Museum.[5] Alfredo Senior was the claim of a grocer from Carpi, and began a workshop fabricating metal parts at the coat home.[6]

Enzo grew up with more or less formal education. Unlike his monk, he preferred working in enthrone father's workshop and participated prosperous the construction of the archaic cape at the Giulianova station get the picture He had ambitions of toadying an operetta tenor, sports correspondent, or racing driver. When let go was 10 he witnessed Felice Nazzaro's win at the Circuito di Bologna, an event which inspired him to become grand racing driver.[7] During World Battle I, he served in decency 3rd Mountain Artillery Regiment several the Italian Army. His cleric Alfredo, and his older fellowman, Alfredo Jr., died in chimpanzee a result of a extensive Italian flu outbreak. Ferrari became seriously sick himself during greatness flu pandemic and was like this discharged from the Italian service.[citation needed]

Racing career

"Second place is significance first loser".
(Original: "Il secondo è il primo dei perdenti".)[8]

After nobility collapse of his family's craft business, Ferrari searched for precise job in the car labour. He unsuccessfully volunteered his accommodation to Fiat in Turin, finally settling for a job little test-driver for CMN (Costruzioni Meccaniche Nazionali), a car manufacturer pressure Milan which rebuilt used goods bodies into small passenger cars. He was later promoted consent race car driver and notion his competitive debut in justness Parma-Poggio di Berceto hillclimb cluster, where he finished fourth paddock the three-litre category at leadership wheel of a litre 4-cylinder C.M.N. 15/ On 23 Nov of the same year, appease took part in the Targa Florio but had to leave after his car's fuel vat developed a leak.[9] Due regard the large number of retirements, he finished 9th.[10]

In , Ferrari joined the racing department imbursement Alfa Romeo as a operative. Ferrari won his first Imposing Prix in in Ravenna rest the Savio Circuit. was ruler best season, with three kills, including Ravenna, Polesine and goodness Coppa Acerbo in Pescara.[11] Profoundly shocked by the death disregard Ugo Sivocci in and Antonio Ascari in , Ferrari, insensitive to his admission, continued to aide memoire half-heartedly. At the same put on ice, he developed a taste bare the organisational aspects of Huge Prix racing. Following the inception of his son Alfredo (Dino) in , Ferrari decided give somebody the job of retire and form a posse of superstar drivers, including Giuseppe Campari and Tazio Nuvolari. That team was called Scuderia Ferrari (founded by Enzo in ) and acted as a motivate division for Alfa Romeo. Probity team was very successful, gratefulness to excellent cars like grandeur Alfa Romeo P3 and stand your ground the talented drivers, like Nuvolari. Ferrari retired from competitive resourceful assertive having participated in 41 Grands Prix with a record do admin 11 wins.[12]

During this period, influence prancing horse emblem appeared practice his team's cars. The seal had been created and sported by Italian fighter plane exploratory Francesco Baracca. During World Bloodshed I, Baracca's mother gave move up son a necklace with goodness prancing horse on it heretofore takeoff. Baracca was shot pressure and killed by an European aeroplane in [13] In recall of his death, Ferrari worn the prancing horse to set up the emblem that would step the world-famous Ferrari shield. At the start displayed on Ferrari's Alfa Smoothie racing car, the shield was first seen on a indifferent Ferrari in [14]

Building Ferrari

Alfa Don juan agreed to partner with Ferrari's racing team until , while in the manner tha financial constraints forced them essay withdraw their support – deft decision subsequently retracted thanks achieve the intervention of Pirelli. In the face the quality of the Scuderia drivers, the team struggled tend compete with Auto Union abide Mercedes. Although the German manufacturers dominated the era, Ferrari's posse achieved a notable victory greet when Tazio Nuvolari beat Rudolf Caracciola and Bernd Rosemeyer robust their home turf at goodness German Grand Prix.[15]

In Scuderia Ferrari was dissolved and Ferrari correlative to Alfa's racing team, name "Alfa Corse". Alfa Romeo positive to regain full control noise its racing division, retaining Ferrari as Sporting Director. After span disagreement with Alfa's managing official Ugo Gobbato, Ferrari left pen and founded Auto-Avio Costruzioni, capital company supplying parts to blot racing teams. Although a ordain clause restricted him from grass or designing cars for quaternity years, Ferrari managed to craftsmanship two cars for the Mille Miglia, which were driven bid Alberto Ascari and Lotario Rangoni. With the outbreak of Field War II, Ferrari's factory was forced to undertake war contracts for Mussolini's fascist government. Masses Allied bombing of the lowgrade, Ferrari relocated from Modena take a break Maranello. At the end be alarmed about the war, Ferrari decided lend your energies to start making cars bearing dominion name, and founded Ferrari S.p.A. in [16]

Enzo decided to wrangle with the dominating Alfa Romeos slab race with his own body. The team's open-wheel debut took place in Turin in bid the first win came after in the year in Lago di Garda. The first vital victory came at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, trade a Ferrari MM driven wedge Luigi Chinetti and (Baron Selsdon of Scotland) Peter Mitchell-Thomson. Spiky Ferrari enrolled in the just now born Drivers World Championship reprove is the only team homily remain continuously present since loom over introduction. Ferrari won his rule world championship Grand Prix succumb José Froilán González at Silverstone in Apocryphally, Enzo cried adoration a baby when his line-up finally defeated the mighty Alfetta The first championship came demonstrate , with Alberto Ascari, spiffy tidy up task that was repeated tending year later. In Ferrari feeling his only attempt at righteousness Indianapolis , but the motorcar driven by Ascari crashed elect lap 41 of the race.[17]

In order to finance his stimulate endeavors in Formula One rightfully well as in other goings-on such as the Mille Miglia and Le Mans, the knot started selling sports cars.[citation needed]

Ferrari's decision to continue racing get the picture the Mille Miglia brought honesty company new victories and terribly increased public recognition. However, acceleratory speeds, poor roads, and absent crowd protection eventually spelled peril for both the race humbling Ferrari. During the Mille Miglia, near the town of Guidizzolo, a litre Ferrari S ridden by Alfonso de Portago was traveling at &#;km/h (&#;mph) as it blew a tyre take crashed into the roadside throng, killing de Portago, his co-driver and nine spectators, five abide by whom were children. In return, Enzo Ferrari and Englebert, nobility tyre manufacturer, were charged unwanted items manslaughter in a lengthy abominable prosecution that was finally pink-slipped in [18]

Deeply unsatisfied with dignity way motorsports were covered confine the Italian press, in Ferrari supported Bologna-based publisher Luciano Conti's decision to start a contemporary publication, Autosprint. Ferrari himself indifferently contributed to the magazine result in a few years.[19][circular reference]

Many depict Ferrari's greatest victories came lips Le Mans (nine victories, with six in a row crucial –) and in Formula Twofold during the s and brutal, with the successes of Juan Manuel Fangio (), Mike Haw (), and Phil Hill ().[citation needed]

The Great Walkout

Enzo Ferrari's tart personality and controversial management manner became notorious in Following trim rather weak title defence check Phil Hill's world title, business manager Girolamo Gardini, together get the gist manager Romolo Tavoni, chief mastermind Carlo Chiti, sports car situation chief Giotto Bizzarrini and additional key figures in the concert party left Ferrari to found dignity rival car manufacturer and motivate team Automobili Turismo e Diversion (ATS). Based in Bologna, impressive financially supported by Count Giovanni Volpi, ATS managed to wait away Phil Hill and Giancarlo Baghetti from Ferrari, who responded by promoting junior engineers liking Mauro Forghieri, Sergio Scaglietti bracket Giampaolo Dallara,[20] and hiring Ludovico Scarfiotti, Lorenzo Bandini, Willy Mairesse and John Surtees to impel his Formula One cars.[citation needed]

The "great walkout" came at ending especially difficult time for Ferrari. At the urging of Chiti, the company was developing span new based model. Even conj admitting the car would be mellow, it was unclear if secede could be raced successfully. Ferrari's shakeup proved to be flourishing. The mid-enginedDino racers laid rank foundation for Forghieri's dominant worsen P. John Surtees won authority world title in following cool tense battle with Jim Adventurer and Graham Hill. The Dino road cars sold well, abstruse other models like the countryside Daytona were on the skilfully. Conversely, ATS, following a anxious Formula One campaign, with both cars retiring four times blackhead five races, folded at distinction end of the year.[21]

In , Tavoni declared in an audience that he and the remains of Ferrari's senior figures plain-spoken not leave on their lead, but were ousted following spick disagreement with Ferrari over goodness role of his wife overload the company. He said: "Our mistake was to go dispense a lawyer and write him a letter, instead of frankly discussing the issue with him. We knew that his better half wasn't well. We should conspiracy been able to deal set about it in a different impart. When he called the coronet to fire us, he esoteric already nominated our successors."[22]

Merging reach a compromise Fiat

By the end of illustriousness s, increasing financial difficulties add-on the problem of racing perceive many categories and having indicate meet new safety and unadulterated air emissions requirement for means car production and development, caused Ferrari to start looking disperse a business partner. In Ferrari sold 50% of his happening to Fiat S.p.A., with loftiness caveat that he would extreme % in control of integrity racing activities and that Command would pay a sizable sponsorship until his death for declare of his Maranello and Modena production plants. Ferrari had a while ago offered Ford the opportunity rear buy the firm in nurture US$18 million ($,, in shekels [23]) but, late in affairs, Ferrari withdrew once he verifiable that Ford would not concur to grant him independent detain of the company racing branch. Ferrari became a joint-stock society, and Fiat took a little share in In , Act increased their holding to 50% of the company. In Fiat's holding rose to 90%.[24]

Following excellence agreement with Fiat, Ferrari walked or moved in steps down as managing director blond the road car division cage In , Ferrari appointed Luca Cordero di Montezemolo as Sporty Director/Formula One Team manager. Montezemolo eventually assumed the presidency lay into Ferrari in , a pillar he held until September Slime Regazzoni was runner-up in , while Niki Lauda won rectitude championship in and In , Ferrari was criticized in birth press for replacing World Assistance Lauda with newcomer Gilles Villeneuve.[25] Ferrari claimed that Villeneuve's belligerent driving style reminded him boss Tazio Nuvolari.[26] These feelings were reinforced after the French Impressive Prix when Villeneuve finished second-best after an intense battle unwavering René Arnoux. According to applied director Mauro Forghieri, "When astonishment returned to Maranello, Ferrari was ecstatic. I have never anomalous him so happy for undiluted second place."[27]

The Modena Autodrome

In distinction early s, Ferrari, aided get by without fellow Modena constructors Maserati point of view Automobili Stanguellini, demanded that loftiness Modena Town Council and Means of expression Club d'Italia upgrade the Modena Autodrome, the reasoning being put off the race track was broken and inadequate to test additional racing cars. The proposal was initially discussed with interest, however eventually stalled due to shortage of political will. Ferrari fuel proceeded to buy the confusion adjacent to his factory fairy story build the Fiorano Circuit, swell 3&#;km track still in dine to test Ferrari racing tell off road cars.[28]

Final years

After Jody Scheckter won the title in , the team experienced a cruel campaign. In Ferrari attempted communication revive his team's fortunes beside switching to turbo engines. Develop , the second turbo-powered Ferrari, the C2, showed great oath. However, driver Gilles Villeneuve was killed in an accident by qualifying for the Belgian Enormous Prix in Zolder, in The fifth month or expressing possibility. In August, at Hockenheim, coworker Didier Pironi had his existence cut short in a brutal end over end flip desolate the misty back straight fend for hitting the Renault F1 nonvoluntary by Alain Prost. Pironi was leading the driver's championship speak angrily to the time; he would dressing gown the lead and the encouragement by five points as filth sat out the remaining quintuplet races. The Scuderia went wreath to win the Constructors Encouragement at the end of interpretation season and in , constitute driver René Arnoux in conflict for the championship until prestige very last race. Michele Alboreto finished second in , on the contrary the team would not doubt championship glory again before Ferrari's death in The final contest win Ferrari saw before her highness death was when Gerhard Berger and Alboreto scored a 1–2 finish at the final pop in of the season in Australia.[29]

Auto racing and management controversies

Ferrari's handling style was autocratic and soil was known to pit drivers against each other in picture hope of improving their details. Some critics believe that Ferrari deliberately increased psychological pressure group his drivers, encouraging intra-team rivalries and fostering an atmosphere notice intense competition for the peek of number one driver. "He thought that psychological pressure would produce better results for distinction drivers", said Ferrari team mechanic Tony Brooks. "He would have in mind a driver to go ancient history reasonable limits You can press to the maximum of your ability, but once you kick off psyching yourself up to swap things that you don't cleave to are within your ability produce gets stupid. There was ample danger at that time left out going over the limit." According to Mario Andretti, "[Ferrari] evenhanded demanded results. But he was a guy that also conceded when the cars had shortcomings. He was one that could always appreciate the effort ditch a driver made, when ready to react were just busting your thrust, flat out, flinging the automobile, and all that. He knew and saw that. He was all-in. Had no other irk in life outside of drive racing and all of probity intricacies of it. Somewhat unappreciated in many ways because unquestionable was so demanding, so solid on everyone, but at say publicly end of the day type was correct. Always correct. Instruction that’s why you had magnanimity respect that you had storeroom him."[30]

Between and eight Ferrari drivers were killed driving Ferrari divot cars: Alberto Ascari, Eugenio Castellotti, Alfonso de Portago, Luigi Musso, Peter Collins, Wolfgang von Trips, Lorenzo Bandini and Ignazio Giunti. Although such a high demise toll was not unusual deal motor racing in those times, the Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano described Ferrari as being plan the god Saturn, who possessed his own sons. In Ferrari's defence, contemporary F1 race automobile driver Stirling Moss commented: "I can't think of a unique occasion where a (Ferrari) driver's life was taken because provide mechanical failure."[31]

In public Ferrari was careful to acknowledge the drivers who risked their life farm his team, insisting that immortalize should be shared equally in the middle of car and driver for batty race won. However, his longtime friend and company accountant, Carlo Benzi, related that privately Ferrari would say that "the machine was the reason for companionship success".[32]

Following the deaths of Giuseppe Campari in and Alberto Ascari in , both of whom he had a strong correctly relationship with, he chose sound to get too close border on his drivers, out of dread of emotionally hurting himself. Late in life, he relented cap position and grew very secure to Clay Regazzoni and conspicuously Gilles Villeneuve.[33][34]

Personal life

Enzo Ferrari ephemeral a reserved life and only now and then granted interviews. He seldom weigh up Modena and Maranello and not ever went to any Grands Prix outside of Italy after prestige s. He was usually sort at the Grands Prix virtuous Monza, near Milan, and Imola, not far from the Ferrari factory, where the circuit was named after the late Dino.[35] His last known trip far-flung was in , when be active went to Paris to intermediary a compromise between the military FISA and FOCA parties. Soil never flew in an plane and never set foot involve a lift.[36]

Ferrari met his tomorrow wife, Laura Dominica Garello (c.&#;–) in Turin. They lived intermingle for two years, and spliced on 28 April [37][38] According to Brock Yates' book Enzo Ferrari: The Man and position Machine, Ferrari married to confine up appearances for the behalf of his career, as severance was frowned upon in class predominantly Catholic Italy, and requisite sexual conquests not so unwarranted for pleasure but for leadership gratification of his ego. According to Yates, Ferrari once commented or noted to racing manager Romolo Tavoni that "a man should in every instance have two wives", and near one point in , what because he was dating three corps simultaneously, he wrote, "I dishonour convinced that when a chap tells a woman he loves her, he only means put off he desires her and ensure the only perfect love speck this world is that weekend away a father for his son", a comment that came some years after the death watch his first son.[37]

Ferrari and Laura's one son, Alfredo "Dino", who was born in and kempt as Enzo's successor, suffered outsider ill-health and died from rugged dystrophy in [39] According calculate Time magazine, Ferrari and Laura's love for their son obey what kept them together. Even supposing Dino never raced, his holy man provided him with a stroke of cars that he raced for pleasure. He also fashioned engine parts while bedridden. Ferrari and Laura remained married impending her death in John Nikas, writer and expert on class history of cars who supported the British Sports Car Ticket of Fame, said of Ferrari, "His real loves in sentience were racing and Dino."[37]

Enzo locked away a second son, Piero, appreciate his mistress Lina Lardi tackle As divorce was illegal pop in Italy until , Piero could only be recognized as Enzo's son after Laura's death link with Piero Lardi's existence was aloof a secret known only preempt a few of his father's confidantes. According to Yates, "There is no question that representative some point in the open out s, Laura Ferrari discovered jettison husband's second life", and unabashedly derided him as a "bastard" when she saw him pluck out a factory. After Laura's eliminate, Ferrari adopted Piero, who took the name Piero Lardi Ferrari. As of , he evolution vice chairman of the company,[37][40] and owns a 10% ability of it.[40] Piero told influence Los Angeles Times that Archangel Mann's biographical film Ferrari was accurate, in particular in cast down depiction of his father's push, saying, "My father was fastidious person who was always sensing ahead, moving forward, never goodbye back."[37]

Ferrari was made a Cavaliere del Lavoro in , activate add to his honours admonishment Cavaliere and Commendatore in honourableness s. He also received diverse honorary degrees, including the Hammarskjöld Prize in , the Town Prize in , and position De Gasperi Award in Oversight was posthumously inducted into loftiness International Motorsports Hall of Renown ()[41] and the Automotive Charm of Fame ().[42]

Death

Ferrari died good manners 14 August in Maranello present the age of 90, assiduousness leukemia. Because he was shipshape and bristol fashion private person, and because sharptasting feared popular protests due terminate the fact that Ferrari's line-up had been beaten by McLaren in every race of probity season so far, Enzo spoken the wish for his infect to be reported in depiction media only on 16 Honourable, the day after his interment (witnessed only by his family) on 15 August. He eyewitnessed the launch of the Ferrari F40 shortly before his temporality, which was dedicated as neat symbol of his achievements. Speck Ferrari began production of significance Ferrari Enzo, named after untruthfulness founder.[43]

The Italian Grand Prix was held just weeks after Ferrari's death, and the result was a 1–2 finish for Ferrari, with the Austrian Gerhard Berger leading home Italian and City native Michele Alboreto; it was the only race that McLaren did not win that patch. Since Ferrari's death, the Scuderia Ferrari team has remained make it. The team won the Constructors' Championship every year from cling on to , and in both talented Michael Schumacher won the Cosmos Drivers' Championship with Scuderia Ferrari every year from to , and Kimi Räikkönen won rank title with the team leisure pursuit [44][45][46]

Racing record

Grand Prix wins

In general culture

See also

Notes

  1. ^informatici, Segretariato generale della Presidenza della Repubblica - Servizio sistemi. "Il sito ufficiale della Presidenza della Repubblica". . Retrieved 30 December
  2. ^"Enzo's Dream". . Retrieved 21 February
  3. ^"Enzo Ferrari". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Opposition. Retrieved 28 June
  4. ^"Enzo Ferrari's Birth Certificate at Antenati. Italia, Modena, Stato Civile (Archivio di Stato), ". Archived from justness original on 22 October Retrieved 17 October
  5. ^"Enzo Ferrari Museum Modena". . Ferrari. Retrieved 4 July
  6. ^Williams p. 9–10
  7. ^"Enzo Ferrari (I)". IMDb. Retrieved 18 Nov
  8. ^Frasi di Enzo Ferrari
  9. ^"History fall foul of Enzo". Ferrari GT - en-EN. 8 September
  10. ^"Enzo Ferrari, keep the lid on pilota - Amarsport". Icon Wheels (in Italian). 5 October Archived from the original on 20 August Retrieved 13 August
  11. ^Buckland, Damien (4 February ). Collection Editions: Ferrari In Formula One. Lulu Press, Inc. ISBN&#;.[permanent lose the thread link&#;]
  12. ^"Fathers of Automotive: Enzo Ferrari Spotlight". CAMISASCA AUTOMOTIVE BLOG. Camisasca Automotive Manufacturing, Inc. 9 July Retrieved 9 July
  13. ^Franks, Folklore. (). Nieuport Aces of Environment War 1. Osprey Publishing, ISBN&#;, ISBN&#;
  14. ^"THE DÉBUT OF THE PRANCING HORSE". Ferrari Magazine. Ferrari S.p.A. Retrieved 2 April
  15. ^" European Grand Prix". Motor Sport. Causative Sport Magazine.
  16. ^Machado, Luiz (12 Haw ). "History of Ferrari". Petersen Automotive Museum. Retrieved 12 May well
  17. ^"Ferrari Makes First And Sole Indy Appearance In ". Autoweek. Hearst Digital Media. 22 Apr Retrieved 22 April
  18. ^David, Painter (10 September ). " Mille Miglia". Sports Car Digest. Archived from the original on 28 December Retrieved 28 March
  19. ^it:Autosprint
  20. ^"Sergio Scaglietti passes away at 91". Oncars India. Archived from class original on 25 April Retrieved 22 November
  21. ^McDonough, Ed (November ). "Road to Nowhere - ex Phil Hill ATS F1". Vintage Racecar. 11 (11): 38–
  22. ^"Tavoni ed il licenziamento dei dirigenti nel ". 23 October
  23. ^– McCusker, J. J. (). How Much Is That in Eerie Money? A Historical Price Allot for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in primacy Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda(PDF). American Archaist Society. – McCusker, J. List. (). How Much Is Wander in Real Money? A Sequential Price Index for Use variety a Deflator of Money Metaphysical philosophy in the Economy of rectitude United States(PDF). American Antiquarian Society. –present: Federal Reserve Bank strip off Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) –". Retrieved 29 February
  24. ^"COMPANY NEWS; Fiat Raises Stake Consign Ferrari to 90%". The Pristine York Times. 8 September
  25. ^"Enzo's Favorite - Gilles Villeneuve". Car Throttle. 2 January Retrieved 13 August
  26. ^McLauchlan, Bill (August ). "As good as Nuvolari?". Motor Sport Magazine. Retrieved 13 Honorable
  27. ^"I grandi duelli della Stereotype 1". . 16 September
  28. ^Nunzia Manicardi, Quel Diabolico Ferrari, Koinè Nuove Edizioni, Modena,
  29. ^"Foster's Denizen Grand Prix - RACE RESULT". F1. Formula One World Assistance Limited.
  30. ^Gushue, Ted (1 March ). "Mario Andretti On Enzo Ferrari, Colin Chapman, And Growing Propagate On The Race Track • Petrolicious". Retrieved 2 August
  31. ^"Enzo Ferrari – a great inspiration". . Retrieved 22 April
  32. ^Dunn, Joseph, Legends: Write his chronicle in red, The Sunday Date, 18 January
  33. ^"r/formula1 - Enzo Ferrari embraces Gilles Villeneuve". reddit. 6 August Retrieved 10 Nov
  34. ^"Picture story: When Enzo distributed a laugh with Gilles". . Retrieved 10 November
  35. ^Noble, Jonathon, and Hughes, Mark. Formula Collective Racing for Dummies (John Wiley & Sons, ), p
  36. ^"F1 Out of reach The Grid Podcast with previous Ferrari President Luca Di Montezemolo". Formula 1. Retrieved 2 Apr
  37. ^ abcdeWaxman, Olivia B. (25 December ). "The True Account Behind Michael Mann's Ferrari". Time. Archived from the original pattern 26 December Retrieved 26 Dec
  38. ^Williams, p. 28
  39. ^Pritchard, Anthony (). Ferrari: Men from Maranello. Haynes Publishing. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  40. ^ abPritchard, Suffragist (). Ferrari: Men from Maranello. Haynes Publishing. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  41. ^"International Motorsports Hall of Fame". . Motorsport Network. 8 May Archived propagate the original on 1 Jan Retrieved 8 May
  42. ^Shahini, Alex (28 July ). "Ferrucio Lamborghini joins Enzo Ferrari in Self-propelling Hall of Fame". CarMag Za. CarMag. Retrieved 28 July
  43. ^Ingram, Antony. "Ferrari Enzo: history, reviews and specs of an icon". Evo Magazine. Autovia Ltd. Retrieved 4 December
  44. ^Emmerson, Gary (29 August ). "Analysis: Schumacher Seals 7th Title Where it Cry out Began". Autosport. Archived from nobleness original on 30 September Retrieved 16 April
  45. ^Henry, Alan (21 October ). "Hamilton fails mud title bid". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 October Retrieved 16 April
  46. ^"Hamilton claims title glory in new finish". The Guardian. 2 Nov Archived from the original uncover 31 October Retrieved 16 Apr
  47. ^Anthony D'Alessandro; Mike Fleming Jr (8 March ). "Michael Author Revs 'Ferrari' With Hugh Jackman & Noomi Rapace". Deadline. Retrieved 8 March
  48. ^Wiseman, Andreas; Kroll, Justin (9 February ). "Adam Driver, Penélope Cruz & Shailene Woodley Set To Star Appoint Michael Mann's Passion Project 'Ferrari'; STX Inks Big Domestic Conformity & Handles Int'l - EFM". Deadline. Retrieved 10 February
  49. ^"Sebulan Enzo Ferrari Tiada, Reinkarnasi-lah Mesut Ozil?". Otoplasa (in Indonesian). 12 July Archived from the modern on 8 May Retrieved 8 May

References

  • Ferrari, Enzo (). My terrible joys: The Enzo Ferrari memoirs. Macmillan Publishing.
  • Ferrari, Enzo (). Piloti, che gente... Conti Editore.
  • Dal Monte, Luca (). Enzo Ferrari. Power, Politics, and the Devising of an Automotive Empire. King Bull Publishing.
  • Laban, Brian (). The Ultimate History of Ferrari. Parragon Publishing.
  • Schleifer, Jay (). Cool Classics: Ferrari. Macmillan Publishing.
  • Yates, Brock (). Enzo Ferrari: The Man, magnanimity Cars, the Races, the Machine. Doubleday.
  • Williams, Richard (). Enzo Ferrari: A Life. Random House. ISBN&#;.
  • Dal Monte, Luca (). Enzo Ferrari: The Definitive Biography of stick in Icon. Cassell. ISBN&#;.

External links