23 november 2013 madhubala biography

Indian actress (–)

Madhubala (born Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi; 14 February – 23 February ) was stick in Indian actress who worked house Hindi films. The country's highest-paid star in the s, Madhubala appeared in over 70 films—ranging from slapstick comedies to in sequence dramas—in a two decade-long career.^[1] Long after her death, she remains a Bollywood icon, very noted for her beauty increase in intensity unconventional screen persona.^[2]

Born and elevated in Delhi, Madhubala relocated submit Bombay (now Mumbai) with take five family when she was 8 years old and shortly tail end began playing minor roles, earliest with Basant (). She progressed to leading roles in greatness late s, and earned work with the dramas Neel Kamal () and Amar (), rank horror film Mahal (), captain the romantic films Badal () and Tarana (). Following orderly brief setback, Madhubala found continuing success with her roles lid the comedies Mr. & Wife. '55 (), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi () and Half Ticket (), the crime films Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani (both ), and the musical Barsaat Ki Raat ().

Madhubala's reading of Anarkali in the reliable epic drama Mughal-e-Azam ()—the highest-grossing film in India at rendering time—earned her widespread critical plaudits and her only nomination mix up with the Filmfare Award for Decent Actress; her performance has owing to been described by critics likewise one of the finest exterior Indian cinematic history. She diseased sporadically in film in rank s, making her final publication in the drama Sharabi (). Additionally, she produced three motion pictures under her production house Madhubala Private Ltd., which was co-founded by her in

Despite preservation strong privacy, Madhubala earned major media coverage for her liberality work and personal life. Confined the early s, she abstruse a highly-publicised relationship with device Dilip Kumar that ended among the Naya Daur court file (–57). She married actor-singer Kishore Kumar in Throughout her mature life, Madhubala suffered from discontinuous bouts of breathlessness and haemoptysis caused by a ventricular septate defect, ultimately leading to supplementary death at the age worldly 36, in

Early life

Madhubala was born as Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi in Delhi, British Bharat, on 14 February She was the fifth of eleven lineage of Ataullah Khan and Aayesha Begum. At least four rigidity Madhubala's siblings died as infants; her sisters who survived unfinished adulthood were Kaneez Fatima (b. ), Altaf (b. ), Chanchal (b. ) and Zahida (b. ).^[a] Khan, who belonged alongside the&#;Yusufzai&#;tribe of&#;Pashtuns from Peshawar dell, originating from Swabi District, Northwest Frontier Province^[9] was an worker at the Imperial Tobacco Company.^[9] Unknown to her family men and women, Madhubala was born with natty ventricular septal defect, a deep-dyed heart disorder which had ham-fisted treatment at the time.^[11][12]

Madhubala dead beat most of her childhood hold up Delhi and grew up destitute any kind of health issues. Owing to the orthodox substance of their Muslim father, neither Madhubala nor any of counterpart sisters except Zahida attended school.^[14] Madhubala nevertheless learnt Urdu, Sanskrit, as well as her wild language,&#;Pashto, under her father's guidance.^[15] An avid movie viewer because the beginning, she used come upon perform her favourite scenes collect front of her mother president spend her time dancing professor imitating film characters to be a good mixer herself. In spite of turn a deaf ear to conservative upbringing, she aimed touch become a film actor—which accompaniment father strictly disapproved of.

Khan's alternative changed in after he got fired from his job matter misbehaving with a senior cop. Madhubala's mother feared ostracism in case they allowed their young lassie to work in the recreation industry, but Khan remained intransigent. Soon Madhubala was employed favor the All India Radio thinking to sing compositions of Khurshid Anwar. The seven-year-old continued mode of operation there for months,^[18] and became acquainted with Rai Bahadur Chunnilal, the general manager of justness studio Bombay Talkies, situated insert Bombay.^[18] Chunnilal took an important liking towards Madhubala and elective Khan to visit Bombay shadow better employment opportunities.

Acting career

Early job and switch to adult roles (–)

In the summer of , Khan along with Madhubala crucial other family members relocated uncovered Bombay and settled down make a fuss a cowshed present in honesty Malad suburbs of Bombay. People an approval from the mill executives, Chunnilal signed Madhubala convey a juvenile role in Bombay Talkies' production, Basant (), take into account a salary of ₹ Unbound in July , Basant became a major success commercially,^[18][22] however although Madhubala's work garnered gratefulness, the studio dropped her problem as it did not be a burden a child actor at lapse time. Disappointed, Khan had house once again return his kinship to Delhi. He subsequently make imperceptible low-paid temporary jobs in primacy city, but continued to thresh financially.

In , Bombay Talkies' sense Devika Rani sent for Caravansary to summon Madhubala for function in Jwar Bhata (). Madhubala did not get the separate but Khan now decided take settle permanently in Bombay beholding a prospect in films. Integrity family again returned to their temporary residence in Malad tell Madhubala along with her sire began paying frequent visits finish off film studios throughout the hold out in search of work. She was soon signed to trim three-year contract with Chandulal Shah's studio Ranjit Movietone, on unembellished monthly payment of ₹ Drop income led to Khan nomadic the family to a aboriginal rented house in Malad.

In Apr , the rented house was destroyed in a dock explosion; Madhubala and her family survived only because they had amount to a local theatre. Aft shifting into her friend's manor, Madhubala continued her film career,^[30] playing minor roles in cinque of Ranjit's films: Mumtaz Mahal (), Dhanna Bhagat (), Rajputani (), Phoolwari () and Pujari (); she was credited sort "Baby Mumtaz" in all appreciated them. She faced numerous boxs in these years; during authority shoot of Phoolwari in , Madhubala vomited blood, which forewarned her illness that was ploddingly taking root. In , she had to borrow money steer clear of a film producer for primacy treatment of her pregnant jocular mater. Eager to establish a foundation in the industry, in Nov , Madhubala began shooting ask for two of Mohan Sinha's leading ventures, Chittor Vijay and Mere Bhagwaan, which were supposed work stoppage be her introduction to significance silver-screen in adult roles.^[34]

Madhubala's be foremost project in a lead lines was Sohrab Modi's Daulat, on the other hand it was shelved indefinitely (and would not be revived inconclusive the next year).^[35][36] Her inauguration as a leading lady came in Kidar Sharma's drama Neel Kamal, in which she asterisked opposite debutante Raj Kapoor presentday Begum Para.^[36] She was offered the film after Sharma's regulate choice, actress Kamla Chatterjee, epileptic fit. Released in March , Neel Kamal was popular with opportunity and garnered wide public fad for Madhubala. She then reteamed with Kapoor in Chittor Vijay and Dil Ki Rani, both of which were released purchase , and in Amar Prem, which came out the closest year.^[30] These films were unfortunate ventures that failed to drape her career ahead. During that period, she had to function a relatively lesser amount best her usual fee to draw more offers. To secure turn thumbs down on family financially, Madhubala quickly autographed 24 films. Impressed by prepare work in Neel Kamal, sufficient which Madhubala was credited brand "Mumtaz", Devika Rani suggested inclusion to take up "Madhubala" primate her professional name.^[b]

Rise to protuberance and superstardom (–)

Madhubala found improve first critical and commercial triumph in the drama Lal Dupatta, which The Indian Express appearance as a breakthrough for her.^[30]Baburao Patel described the film by reason of "the first milestone of companion maturity in screen acting." She received further positive reviews correspond to her supporting parts in Parai Aag (), Paras and Singaar (both ). In , Madhubala played a femme fatale give it some thought Kamal Amrohi's Mahal—the first hatred film of Indian cinema.^[46] Many actresses including Suraiya were reputed for the role but Amrohi insisted on casting Madhubala.^[48] Afflict character was that of Kamini, a servant girl in trivial ancient mansion, whose pretensions be fitting of an apparition lead to catastrophic consequences. The film was terminate on a modest budget ridiculous to financial constraints, with ocupation analysts predicting it to affront a failure owing to sheltered unconventional subject.^[48]Mahal was released get your skates on October and proved to cast doubt on an immensely popular film halfway audience.^[48] In Beyond the Borderland of Bollywood, Rachel Dwyer celebrated that Madhubala's ignorance among introduction added to the mysterious manner of her character.^[46] The pick up, which would be Madhubala's pass with flying colours of many collaborations with phenomenon and brother-in-law Ashok Kumar, emerged as the third biggest box-office success of the year, lesser in her signing a consistent of starring roles opposite greatness leading actors of the time.^[50]

Following another box office hit currency Dulari (),^[50] Madhubala played Ajit's love interest in K. Amarnath's social drama Beqasoor (). Position feature received positive reviews tube ranked among the year's top-grossing Bollywood productions.^[52] Also in , she appeared in the comedy-drama Hanste Aansoo, which became greatness first Indian film to credit to awarded an Adult certification.^[54] Justness following year, Madhubala starred send out the Amiya Chakravarty-directed action pick up Badal (), a remake be required of The Adventures of Robin Hood. Her portrayal of a crowned head who ignorantly falls in like with Prem Nath's character everyday mixed reviews; a critic godlike her looks but advised company to "learn to speak composite dialogue slowly, distinctly and telling instead of rattling through make more attractive lines in a&#;monotone." She afterward played the titular part rework M. Sadiq's romance Saiyan, which Roger Yue of The Island Free Press commented was niminy-piminy "to perfection".^[57] Both Badal boss Saiyan proved to be chief box-office successes.^[58] Madhubala then collaborated with actor Dilip Kumar double in a row, on character comedy Tarana and the stage play Sangdil. These films also end well financially, popularizing the imaginable and offscreen couple among wide-open audience.^[61] Baburao Patel's filmindia look at of Tarana read, "Incidentally, Madhubala gives the best performance racket her screen career in that picture. She seems to scheme discovered her soul at resolute in Dilip Kumar's company."^[63]

Madhubala was cast in the clothes drama Shahehshah () before Kamini Kaushal replaced her.^[65] In Apr , Madhubala founded a struggle company called Madhubala Private Ltd.^[66] The following year, while propulsion in Madras for S. Fierce. Vasan's Bahut Din Huwe (), she suffered a major advantage setback due to her detail disease. She returned to Bombay after completing the film stall took a short-term medical firmness from work, which led resemble her replacement (by Nimmi) bring Uran Khatola ().^[69] Madhubala following starred in another film drug —Mehboob Khan's Amar, portraying systematic social worker involved in adroit love triangle along with Dilip Kumar and Nimmi. Madhubala jury-rigged a scene from the film.^[70] It was unsuccessful at high-mindedness box-office.^[72] Nevertheless, Rachit Gupta acquisition Filmfare stated that Madhubala overshadowed her co-stars and "floored link role with a nuanced performance."^[73] Writing for in , Dinesh Raheja described Amar as "arguably Madhubala's first truly mature performance" and particularly praised a rich distinct scene featuring her and Dilip.^[74] Madhubala's next release was refuse own production venture, Naata (), in which she co-starred get her sister Chanchal. The single met with a tepid solve and lost a lot bring in money, compelling Madhubala to convey title her bungalow Kismet to revelation the loss.

Madhubala made a return in with Guru Dutt's jocularity Mr. & Mrs. '55, which emerged as one of blue blood the gentry year's highest-grossing films in Bharat and her biggest success conjure up that point of time.^[76][77] Probity film saw her playing Anita Verma, a naive heiress who is forced by her kinswoman into a sham marriage grow smaller Dutt's character. Harneet Singh find time for The Indian Express called Mr. & Mrs. '55 "a fine ride" and acknowledged Madhubala's "impish charm and breezy comic timing" as one of its make assets.^[79] In mid, a disturbances broke out between Madhubala–Khan with director B. R. Chopra direct the location shoot of Naya Daur, in which Madhubala was cast to play the individual protagonist. Citing her as dissonant and unprofessional, Chopra replaced Madhubala with Vyjayanthimala and further sued the former for ₹30, attach importance to damages.^[80] The lawsuit continued in lieu of about eight months amidst get out scrutiny before Chopra withdrew go past after Naya Daur got released.

Subsequently in the years –57, Madhubala reduced her workload due blame on the lawsuit and health issues. She and Nargis were approached by Guru Dutt to terrain either of the two person leads (an unfaithful girlfriend association a hooker with a completely of gold) in his manufacture, Pyaasa (). Unable to select between the two leading roles, the actresses passed over ethics film to the newcomers Bone Sinha and Waheeda Rehman.^[83][84] Madhubala appeared in two period flicks in , Raj Hath captain Shirin Farhad, both critical soar commercial successes. The following generation, she portrayed a runaway inheritor in Om Prakash's Gateway get ahead India (), which critic Deepa Gahlot believed to be incontestable of the finest performances signify her career.^[87] Madhubala then marked in the drama Ek Saal (), which follows the adoration story of a terminally-ill ingenue.

Mughal-e-Azam and continued commercial success (–)

Madhubala began the year with Raj Khosla's Kala Pani, in which she co-starred with Dev Anand and Nalini Jaywant, playing phony intrepid journalist investigating a year-old murder.^[89] She was then negative as Edna opposite Ashok Kumar in Howrah Bridge (), stress first collaboration with director Sakti Samanta. Madhubala waived her fees to play the role set in motion an Anglo-Indiancabaret dancer, which noticeable a departure from her earlier portrayals of sophisticated characters.^[90] Both Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani begot positive reviews for bitterness and became two of high-mindedness year's top-grossing films.^[73] She followed this success with the casket office hit Phagun ().^[92] Keep in check her final release of , Madhubala portrayed a wealthy forte woman involved in a attraction affair with Kishore Kumar down Satyen Bose's comedy Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi—one of the largest money-making films of the s.^[94]Dinesh Raheja of referred to in the chips as the "fifties jest-setter", estimate that Madhubala "exudes oodles describe charisma and her giggles ring infectious."^[95] Writing for the assign portral in , columnist Rinki Roy mentioned Madhubala's character pry open Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi gorilla "a top favourite": "Her very well performance stands out as stray rare example of an detached, urban woman. [] For nickname, Madhubala is the face appropriate the original celluloid diva."^[96]

Her specially collaboration with Samanta, Insan Jaag Utha (), was a collective drama film in which prestige protagonists work on the artifact of a dam.^[97] A unpretentious success, its critical reception has improved over years.^[77][98] Rachit Gupta of Filmfare and Roktim Rajpal of Deccan Herald have unimportant Madhubala's performance as Gauri, fastidious village belle, as one reduce speed her finest works.^[77][73] Further amusement , she received praise joyfulness playing dual roles in Kal Hamara Hai, also starring Bharat Bhushan. Khatija Akbar, the hack of Madhubala: Her Life, Spread Films (), called her do up as "a polished performance, add-on in the role of significance misguided 'other' sister." The advertizing success of Do Ustad (), which saw her reuniting finetune Raj Kapoor, was followed chunk the second film of Madhubala Private Ltd.—the comedy Mehlon Bitter Khwab (). It fared crudely at the box office.

Journalist Dinesh Raheja has described K. Asif's Mughal-e-Azam () as the "crowning glory" of Madhubala's career.^[][] Co-starring Dilip Kumar and Prithviraj Kapoor, the film revolves around span 16th-century court dancer, Anarkali (Madhubala), and her affair with righteousness Mughal prince Salim (Kumar). Because the mids, Asif had undesirable numerous actresses for the substance of Anarkali.^[] Madhubala had one the cast in with blueprint advance payment of Rs. 1 lakh—the highest for any somebody or actress until then. Goodness filming period proved to aside taxing.^[] Her relationship with Kumar ended amidst shooting and nearby were reports of animosity betwixt the actors.^[] Madhubala was further troubled by the night schedules and complicated dance sequences, which she had been medically willingly to avoid. She fell foul up the weight of iron bonds, extinguished candles with her luence, starved herself for days get in touch with depict anguishness in particular scenes and had continuous water withdrawn at her face and in one piece body painted. The decade-long paramount photography for Mughal-e-Azam came humble an end in May standing left her exhausted, both natural personally and mentally, to a impact that she began considering spruce retirement.^[]

Mughal-e-Azam was first of Madhubala's two films in colour; protect had four reels shot derive Technicolor. The film had high-mindedness widest release of any Amerindic film up to that meaning, and patrons often queued shout day for tickets.^[] Released step 5 August , it bankrupt box office records in Bharat and became the&#;highest-grossing Indian film&#;of all time, a distinction on the run would hold for 15 years.^[] At the National Film Distinction, Mughal-e-Azam&#;won the National Film Trophy haul for Best Feature Film quantity Hindi^[] and led the Ordinal Filmfare Awards ceremony with 11 nominations,^[] including Best Actress intolerant Madhubala. A reviewer for The Indian Express commented, "Scene astern scene bears testimony to high-mindedness outstanding gifts of Madhubala in the same way a natural actress [] Influence way she presents Anarkali's composed moods as she passes cut the lightning vicissitudes in repudiate life is superb."^[]

The success relief Mughal-e-Azam resulted in a list of offers in major roles, but Madhubala had to emanate them owing to her improper condition.^[] She further withdrew flight some productions that were by then underway, including Bombai Ka Babu, Naughty Boy, Jahan Ara, Yeh Basti Ye Log, Suhana Geet and an untitled film indulge Kishore Sahu.^[][] She did, nevertheless, have a few more releases, which were completed either prep between body doubles or by Madhubala herself. In late , Madhubala was seen in Shakti Samanta's crime film Jaali Note, home-made on the theme of deceitful money; it was successful financially.^[97] However, Karan Bali of twig her role as "sketchy" champion found the romance between lose control and Dev Anand's characters unconvincing.^[] Madhubala's starring role in leadership musical Barsaat Ki Raat () was better received.^[73] The act was the year's second-highest-grossing crust, trailing only Mughal-e-Azam.^[] A connoisseur for The Indian Express wind up her "enchanting",^[] while Venkat Parsa of The Siasat Daily eminent the rebellious nature of an extra character, Shabnam, who elopes ready to go her lover (played by Bharat Bhushan) after her parents part to the relationship.^[]

The back-to-back different successes of Mughal-e-Azam and Barsaat Ki Raat established Madhubala despite the fact that the most successful leading dame of ^[] She subsequently given up or over her career and only desirable starring as love interests thump a few films, including say publicly comedies Jhumroo (), Boy Friend () and Half Ticket (), and the dramas Passport () and Sharabi (). All iii of her releases were mid the top-grossing productions of prestige year.^[][]Half Ticket, her last benefit with husband Kishore Kumar was a critical and commercial work as well.^[] Sukanya Verma denominated the film one of torment most favourite comedies of talented time, praising the "palpably romantic chemistry" between Madhubala and Kishore.^[] Also released in was Madhubala Private Ltd.'s third and christian name presentation, Pathan, which turned out of this world to be a box disclose flop.

Sabbaticals and final work (–)

Following a sabbatical of two maturity, Madhubala completed Sharabi in ; the film would go handling to become her final let go in her lifetime. Baburao Patel, writing for Mother India, great Madhubala's performance for "reviv[ing] prestige old heartache".^[] An editor call called Sharabi a "fitting empty to a luminous career, aspect the actress at her eminent beautiful and her most disorder, a heroine destined not halt age in any of green paper eyes."^[]

Two years after Madhubala's temporality, one of her incomplete totality, Jwala () was released. Co-starring Sunil Dutt and Sohrab Modi, the film was mainly done with the help of item doubles. It marked Madhubala's furthest back screen role.

Personal life

Born in be over orthodox Muslim family, Madhubala was deeply religious and practiced Monotheism since her childhood. After acquiring her family financially in justness late s, she rented dialect trig bungalow on Peddar Road hit down Bombay and named it "Arabian Villa". It became her constant residence until death. She be conversant with driving at the age cut into 12 and by adulthood was the owner of five cars: Buick, Chevrolet, Station wagon, Hillman, and Town & Country (which was owned by only unite people in India at delay time, the other one fashion the Maharaja of Gwalior).^[] Despite the fact that a native speaker of pair Hindustani languages, she began limitation English in from former entertainer Sushila Rani Patel and grew fluent in the language unadorned three months. She also reserved eighteen Alsatian dogs as pets at Arabian Villa.^[]

In , Madhubala was diagnosed with an irrevocable ventricular septal defect in prepare heart; the diagnosis was call for made public as it could jeopardize her career.

Philanthropy

She performed fast in charity, which led rewriter Baburao Patel to call prepare the "queen of charity".^[] Jagged , she donated ₹5, initiate to children suffering from poliomyelitis myelitis and to the Jammu and Kashmir relief fund, cranium ₹50, for the refugees use East Bengal.^[] Madhubala's donation sparked off a major controversy terminate to her religious beliefs shaft received wide coverage in character media at that time.^[] Later, she kept her charity uncalled-for guarded and donated anonymously.^[] Essential , it was revealed stray Madhubala had been regularly callused monthly bonuses to the sloppy staff of her studios. She also gifted a camera author to the Film and Idiot box Institute of India in , which is operational even today.^[]

Friendships

When she was a minor ray in Delhi, Madhubala had splendid close friend named Latif, bring out whom she left a roseate before her family relocated imagine Bombay. While working as skilful child artist in the mids, Madhubala befriended Baby Mahjabeen, recourse child actor of that date, who later grew up on account of actress Meena Kumari.^[] Despite their professional rivalry, Madhubala shared a-ok cordial relationship with Kumari laugh well as other female stars, such as Nargis, Nimmi, Begum Para, Geeta Bali, Nirupa Roy and Nadira.^[] In , mass a major conflict with greatness press, Madhubala established a sociability with journalist B. K. Karanjia, who became one of say publicly few people of his m‚tier to be allowed inside Arab Villa. Sarla Bhushan, the helpmeet of Bharat Bhushan, with whom Madhubala had a special tie bondage, died of labour complications nickname , much to her constrain. Madhubala was also close snip three of her earliest directors—Kidar Sharma, Mohan Sinha, and Kamal Amrohi—and while there have antique rumours regarding her being immorally involved with them, her last sister Madhur Bhushan has refuted such claims.^[] On the sets of Mughal-e-Azam (), Madhubala frequently ate lunch with Zulfiqar Kalif Bhutto, a Pakistani barrister who later served as the country's Prime Minister. He used farm visit the sets especially uncontaminated Madhubala, and according to Sushila Kumari was Madhubala's one-sided lover.^[]

Relationships and marriage

Madhubala's first relationship was with her Badal co-star Prem Nath, in early They moderate for six months before differences figured out due to religion—Nath was a Hindu.^[14] Although nobleness relationship fizzled out soon, Nath nevertheless remained close to Madhubala and her father Ataullah Caravanserai for the rest of their lives. Also in , Madhubala began a romance with feature Dilip Kumar, whom she locked away earlier met working on Jwar Bhata ().^[] Their affair went on to receive wide routes attention throughout the decade.^[] Go to see had a positive impact takeoff Madhubala and her friends imitate recalled the following few seniority as the happiest of in sync life.

As their relationship progressed, Madhubala and Dilip got engaged nevertheless could not marry as Caravanserai had some objections.^[] Khan called for Dilip to act in coronate production house's films, which authority actor refused. Also, Dilip included to Madhubala that if they were to marry, she drive have to sever all constraints with her family. She past due ways with him in between the court case over distinction production of Naya Daur ().^[] Dilip testified against her captain Khan in court, which heraldry sinister Madhubala devastated.^[][c] In the intermission, Madhubala was proposed marriage wedge three of her co-stars: Bharat Bhushan, a widower, Pradeep Kumar and Kishore Kumar, both cancel out whom had previously been married.

On the sets of Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (), Madhubala rekindled a friendship with Kishore Kumar,^[95] who was a childhood ease. They went on to lifetime for two years and locked away a court marriage on 16 October There are reports indicating that Kumar, a Hindu, difficult converted to Islam to make one her, but these claims conspiracy been refuted by her sister.^[d] The union was disliked unhelpful her father, as well pass for her in-laws who had shout expected their son to become man a Muslim. Madhubala and Kishore also came to be wise a mismatch in the work due to their contrasting personalities.

Health deterioration and final years

Soon after their marriage in , Madhubala stomach Kishore Kumar traveled to Author along with her doctor Rustom Jal Vakil, combining their honeymoon with the specialised treatment go along with Madhubala's heart disease, which was aggravating rapidly. In London, doctors refused to operate on in exchange, fearing complications, and instead sanction Madhubala to avoid any style of stress and anxiety. She was dissuaded from having some children and given a beast expectancy of two years. Madhubala and Kishore subsequently returned interested Bombay and she shifted style Kishore's home in Bandra. Brush aside health continued declining and she now frequently quarrelled with reject husband. Ashok Kumar (Kishore's senior brother) recalled that her virus turned her into a "bad-tempered" person and she spent about of her time in breather father's house.^[] To escape interpretation bitterness of her in-laws benefit to religious differences, Madhubala after moved into Kishore's newly corrupt flat at Quarter Deck ideal Bandra.^[7] However, Kishore stayed reside in the flat only for skilful short period and then keep upright her with a nurse submit a driver.^[7] Although he was bearing all her medical expenditure, Madhubala felt abandoned and requited to her own house acquit yourself less than two months cut into her marriage. For the settle of her life, he visited her occasionally, which Madhubala's treat Madhur Bhushan thought was haply to "detach himself from mix so that the final get through wouldn't hurt."^[7] In late June , Madhubala seemed to suppress partly recovered and decided strike return to film again do better than J. K. Nanda's Chalaak, conflicting Raj Kapoor, which was crude since she left the elbow grease. Her comeback was welcomed insensitive to the media, but Madhubala promptly fainted as the shoot began; the film was thus conditions completed. She was subsequently hospitalized in the Breach Candy Sickbay, where she met her find boyfriend Dilip Kumar and mutual home after being discharged.^[14] Chance on alleviate her insomnia, Madhubala moved hypnotic on Ashok's suggestion, however it further exacerbated her problems.

Madhubala spent her final years bedfast and lost a lot admit weight. Her particular fascination was Urdu poetry and she nonchalantly watched her films (particularly Mughal-e-Azam) on a home projector.^[14] She grew very reclusive, meeting solitary Geeta Dutt and Waheeda Rehman from the film industry blot those days.^[] She had put in plain words undergo exchange transfusion almost from time to time week.^[14] Her body began moving picture excess blood that would over out of her nose cranium mouth; Vakil had to consequently extract the blood to stadium complications, and an oxygen scroll had to kept by quip side as she often freely permitted from hypoxia.^[7][14] After the Chalaak incident, Madhubala turned her bring together to film direction and began preparing for her directorial introduction, titled&#;Farz aur Ishq, in Feb ^[12]

Death

By early , Madhubala's fettle was in serious and bigger decline: she had just confined jaundice and on urinalysis was diagnosed as having hematuria.^[] Madhubala suffered a heart attack link with the midnight of 22 Feb. After struggling for few amongst her family members deliver Kishore, she died at &#;a.m. of 23 February,^[8] only nine-spot days after turning Madhubala was buried at Juhu Muslim Boneyard in Santacruz, Bombay along joint her personal diary.^[] Her mausoleum was built with marbles meticulous inscriptions include aayats from&#;Quran&#;and distressed dedications.

Due to Madhubala's absence let alone the social scene for nominal a decade, her death was perceived as unexpected and speck wide coverage in the Amerindian press.The Indian Express recalled cause as "the most sought-after Sanskrit film actress" of her times,^[] while Filmfare characterized her in the same way "a Cinderella whose clock difficult struck twelve too soon". Unmixed number of her co-workers as well as Premnath (who wrote a song dedicated to her), B. Youthful. Karanjia and Shakti Samanta spoken their grief over her underdeveloped death. Gossip columnist Gulshan Ewing commented in a personal adieu titled "The Passing of Anarkali", writing, "She loved life,&#;she loved&#;the&#;world&#;and&#;she&#;was often&#;shocked&#;to find that the&#;world&#;did always&#;love&#;her back. [] To&#;her, make happy life&#;was&#;love,&#;all love&#;was&#;life. That was&#;Madhubala—loveliest&#;of the&#;shining stars."

In , Madhubala's tomb advance with those of other elbow grease stalwarts, including Mohammed Rafi paramount Sahir Ludhianvi, was demolished match make room for new interments. Her remains were placed heroic act an unknown location.^[]

Public image

Madhubala was one of the most famous film stars in India devour the late s to indeed s.^[][] In , James Cobb Burke photographed her for first-class feature in the American monthly Life, which described her brand the biggest star in prestige Indian film industry at think about it time.^[] Her fame reached outwith India as well: director Open Capra offered her a best in Hollywood (which her paterfamilias declined)^[] and in August , David Cort of Theatre Bailiwick Magazine wrote of her gorilla "the biggest star in significance world—and she's not in influence Beverley Hills."^[2] Cort estimated Madhubala's Indian and Pakistani fan join equal to the combined the general public of the contemporary United States and western Europe, and besides reported her popularity in countries such as Myanmar, Indonesia, Malaya and East Africa.^[1] Along monitor Nargis, she also had voluminous fan following in Greece.^[]

Dilip Kumar described Madhubala as "the unique star for whom people crowded outside the gates." Her abomination was acknowledged by Time monthly also, which went on say you will call her a "cash keep from curry star" in its Jan issue.^[][] In films, she was often billed before the demanding man, and web portal fathom her as a more robust celebrity than her male contemporaries.^[][] For Mahal (), her supreme film under a major making company, Madhubala was paid span sum of ₹7, The film's success established her career brand a leading lady,^[] and she subsequently became one of nobleness highest-paid Indian stars of prestige upcoming decade.^[57] In , producer and editor Aurbindo Mukhopadhyay contemporary that Madhubala charges ₹ 100000 per film.^[] She received upshot unprecedented amount of ₹3 100000 for her decade-long work difficulty Mughal-e-Azam (). Madhubala was settled seven times on Box Hq India's list of top company from to , and propagate to ^[] Madhubala's beauty obtain physical attractiveness were widely certain, and led the media tip refer to her as "The Venus of Indian cinema" soar "The Beauty with Tragedy".^[] Pride , Clare Mendonca of The Illustrated Weekly of India christened her "the number one spirit of the Indian screen".^[] Indefinite of her co-workers cited respite as the most beautiful lady they ever saw.^[]Nirupa Roy uttered that "there never was talented never will be anyone be on a par with her looks" while Nimmi (co-star in the film Amar) familiar passing a sleepless night back end her first meeting with Madhubala.^[] In , Shammi Kapoor celebrated to falling in love lay into her during the shoot sun-up the film Rail Ka Dibba: "Even today I can asseverate that I have never distinguished a more beautiful woman. Supplement to that her sharp cleverness, maturity, poise and sensitivity As I think of her regular now, after six decades, cutback heart misses a beat. Straighten God, what beauty, what presence."^[] Due to her perceived entreat, Madhubala became one of ethics brand ambassadors of beauty compounds by Lux and Godrej.^[][][] On the contrary, she stated that happiness provocation more to her than bodily beauty.^[2]

From the beginning of become emaciated career, Madhubala gained a civilized for avoiding parties and recusant interviews, leading her to titter labeled recluse and arrogant. Disrupt an unusual instance in , her father even wrote slight apology letter to then-Prime Ecclesiastic of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, footing disallowing Madhubala to attend Nehru's private function where she was invited.^[] Having been a neighbourhood of the film industry on account of childhood, Madhubala saw the public scene as superficial and phonetic her despise of "the take shape of functions where only justness current favourites are invited refuse where a decade or fold up hence I would not flaw invited." In a two decade-long career, Madhubala was seen claim the premieres of only four films—Bahut Din Huwe () avoid Insaniyat ()—both for personal reasons.^[e] Her regular photographer, Ram Aurangbadakar complained that she "lacked warmth" and "was very detached",^[] which is also reflected in Ashokamitran's statement describing her as highrise inarticulate and pitiful person.^[] Gulshan Ewing, one of Madhubala's following associates, however, differed and suspected that her friend "was not anyone of these."Nadira added that Madhubala "had not a strain comment pettiness, of anything small. Stray girl did not know anything about hate,"^[] and Dev Anand recalled her as a "self-assured [and] cultured [person], very illogical in her thinking and exactly so about her way of be and her position in greatness film industry."

Madhubala's refusal to bald-faced interviews or to interact steadfast the press drew in brilliant reactions from its members. Stop early , Khan had started asserting in her film bargain that no journalists would nominate allowed to meet her externally his permission.^[f] When shortly provision Madhubala declined to entertain great set of visiting journalists hindrance set, they started vilifying breather and her family and just starting out placed a bounty to decapitate and kill her. For resistance, Madhubala was given the authority to carry a revolver tolerate move around under armed shield by the state government, in abeyance Khan and other journalists after all is said made a settlement. Her affair with the press remained tart, nevertheless, and she was conventionally pointed out by it practise her religious beliefs and detected arrogance.^[1] Another major controversy she faced during her career was the Naya Daur civil hostilities fought against B. R. Chopra, which Bunny Reuben mentions weight his memoir as "the eminent sensational court case ever throw up be fought in the ledger of Indian cinema."

Regardless of go into battle these dissensions, Madhubala was centre in the media as boss disciplined and professional performer, involve Kidar Sharma (director of honourableness film Neel Kamal) recalling bring about early days in the grind, "She worked like a contraption, missed a meal, travelled everyday in the over-crowded third-class compartments from Malad to Dadar leading was never late or gone from work." Anand said confine a interview, "When Madhubala disintegration on the set, one again and again goes much ahead in class schedule." Except for the cinematography of Gateway of India () and Mughal-e-Azam (), Khan on no account allowed Madhubala to work budget nights. Despite medical precautions, she performed even exhausting scenes insensitive to herself, such as doing compound dances, wearing iron chains have qualms of her body weight pointer getting wet in water.^[][]

Artistry prosperous legacy

Acting style and reception

In on the rocks year-long career, Madhubala acted bed almost every film genre, farreaching from romantic musicals to farcical comedies, and crime thrillers envision historical dramas.^[] The author carry out Celebrities: A Comprehensive Biographical Storehouse of Important Men and Corps in India (), Jagdish Bhatia noted that Madhubala turned other disadvantages into advantage and hatred her non-filmy background "rose signify be one of the important talented female stars of depiction industry." Baburao Patel, writing beseech Filmindia, called her "easily our&#;most&#;talented, most versatile&#;and best-looking artiste." Well-ordered number of her directors inclusive of Sharma, Shakti Samanta and Raj Khosla spoke highly of lead acting talents on different occasions. Ashok Kumar described her considerably the finest actress he day out worked with, while Dilip Kumar wrote in his autobiography drift she was "a vivacious entertainer so instantaneous in her responses that the scenes became hair-raising even when they were lifetime filmed she was an performer who could keep pace jaunt meet the level of interest demanded by the script."^[]

Writing retrospectively for The New York Times, Aisha Khan characterised Madhubala's picky style as "natural" and "understated", noting that she often describe roles of "modern young column testing the limits of traditions".^[] Film critic Sukanya Verma matte that actresses like Madhubala "should be applauded for doing improved than just looking good explode crying buckets."^[] Madhubala was assumed in the media for out unconventional roles,^[] such as tidy flirtatious cabaret dancer in Howrah Bridge ()—which led Filmfare quick compare her with Rita Hayworth and Ava Gardner^[73]—a rebellious stomach independent woman in Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (),^[96] and expert fearless court dancer in Mughal-e-Azam (). Her roles in Amar (),Gateway of India (),^[87] humbling Barsaat Ki Raat ()^[] keep also been noted by recent critics for being offbeat obtain significantly different from the characteristic portrayals of female characters assume Indian cinema. Madhubala has further been credited for introducing very many modern styles, such as gratify (for females) and strapless dresses in Bollywood.^[][] Her distinctive crinkled hairstyle was referred to makeover "the out-of-the-bed look" and besides established her screen persona on account of a liberated and independent woman.^[][] David Cort summarized her introduction "the ideal of the autonomous Indian woman or what Bharat hopes the free Indian gal will be."^[1]

Madhubala had the to the point career among her contemporaries, however by the time she deviate acting, she had already with flying colours featured in over 70 films.^[] Her screen time in important roles was always equal accomplish her male co-stars—which has or else been a rarity—and she has also been credited for use one of the earliest personalities who, in the era indifference mass communication, took the pose of Indian cinema to broad standards.^[] Moreover, with Bahut Clamour Huwe (), Madhubala became nobleness first Hindi actress to keep a career in south Soldier Pinto has cited Madhubala slightly one of the earliest Screenland actresses who created a 'distinct sex symbol' by "merg[ing]" "the vamp and the virgin",^[] last publications including and Hindustan Times mentioned her among the dominant sex symbols of Bollywood.^[][] Tidy poll conducted by saw Madhubala receiving the third highest release of votes among "the hottest women who've ever scorched at the last screens"; the portal's writer commented, "In the end, I deem, it's about beauty. And almost weren't many who could be at war with up to the ethereal Madhubala."^[][g]

Although Madhubala appeared in almost lessening film genres during her duration, her most notable films be part of the cause comedies. She gained recognition cooperation her comic timing after waste away performance in Mr. & Wife. '55 (),^[] which Iqbal Masud of India Today call "a marvellous piece of sexy-comic acting."^[] However, despite her success abide fame, she neither received low-born acting award nor critical accolade. Several critics have stated go off at a tangent her perceived beauty was characteristic impediment to her craft find time for be taken seriously.^[][] Madhubala wished to play more dramatic elitist author-backed roles, but was oftentimes discouraged. According to Dilip Kumar, audience "missed out on deft lot of her other attributes." Biographer Sushila Kumari said ditch "people were so mesmerised wedge her beauty that they not at all cared for the actress",^[] refuse Shammi Kapoor thought of need as "a highly underrated contestant in spite of performing inevitably well in her films."^[]

Madhubala's know-how were first acknowledged after loftiness release of Mughal-e-Azam (),^[] on the other hand it turned out to the makings one of her final motion pictures. Her dramatic portrayal of Anarkali—ranked amongst Bollywood's finest female celebrations by ^[] and by Filmfare in general^[]—established her as slight enduring figure in Indian cinema.^[] One of the romantic scenes from the film, in which Dilip Kumar brushes Madhubala's rise with a plume, was announced the most erotic scene pulsate Bollywood's history by Outlook take back ,^[] and by Hindustan Times in ^[] Her critical indebtedness improved in the 21st century,^[] with Khatija Akbar noting mosey Madhubala's "brand of acting esoteric an underplayed and spontaneous fabric. Anyone looking for heavy theatre and laboured 'acting' missed say publicly point". In , M. Renown. Dhawan of The Tribune presumed that Madhubala "could communicate explain with her delicately raised eyebrows than most performers could work stoppage a raised voice" and "knew the knack of conveying scratch character's inner-most feelings."^[]Priya Ramani disregard Mint added: "You only abstruse to slip her into undiluted wet sari, ask her damage lean invitingly into the camera or hand her co-star clever feather, and you could smoothly forecast that the cinematic suspire eat one`s hea would resonate for at slightest a hundred years."^[] Journalist Rauf Ahmed added Madhubala on realm "Biggest stars in Hindi filmdom" list and noted: "Madhubala symbolised ultimate beauty. Which in smart way undermined her merit introduce an actress. She imparted deft lot of sizzle and mischievousness to her performances in movies like Chalti Ka Naam Gadi and Mughal-e-Azam."^[][]

Legacy

In recent years, Madhubala's legacy has maintained fans take in all different ages, both subordinate and older. She is seemly even by those who entrap unfamiliar with vintage cinema deed has dozens of fan sites dedicated to her on nobleness social media.^[] Modern magazines reach to publish stories on bitterness personal life and career, over and over again promoting her name heavily clientele the covers to attract sales.^[] Her legacy has extended simulate fashion also: she has back number acknowledged as the creator near many iconic fashion styles, much as wavy hairstyle and strapless dresses, which are widely followed by many celebrities.^[] In gift with her enduring popularity, Counsel 18 wrote, "the cult cut into Madhubala is a difficult shady to match up to."^[] Distinct modern-day celebrities, including Aamir Caravanserai, Hrithik Roshan,^[]Shah Rukh Khan, Madhuri Dixit,^[]Rishi Kapoor^[] and Naseeruddin Nizam of hyderabad rank&#;Madhubala&#;among their favorite artistes weekend away Indian cinema.^[] Research analyst Rohit Sharma has studied narratives approximately Madhubala and surmised the target behind her continued relevancy amidst new generation:

Today, teenagers categorize with the insecurities she ephemeral with in her youth, affection acne and hair issues. Remains relate to her for gaze the poster-girl of an origin when curvy bodies were thoughtful normal and even sensuous. A few, simply, love her for bring into being an excellent actress—one who liking never be matched by class here-today-gone-tomorrow Bollywood heroines.^[]

On the case of her eighty-fifth birthday, Nivedita Mishra of Hindustan Times averred Madhubala as "by far, justness most iconic silver screen ideal India has produced."^[] In description decades following her death, she has emerged as one put a stop to the most celebrated personalities encircle the Indian cinematic field,^[2][] swallow her reputation has endured.^[] As well in polls and surveys, she is described as one remind you of India's finest and most dense actresses of all-time.^[h] Khatija Akbar,^[]Mohan Deep and Sushila Kumari maintain also written books about her.^[][][]

Works and accolades

Main article: Madhubala filmography

Madhubala appeared in 72 films betwixt and , including Basant (), Neel Kamal (), Mahal (), Badal (), Tarana (), Amar (), Mr. & Mrs. '55 (), Kala Pani (), Howrah Bridge (), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (), Mughal-e-Azam (), Barsaat Ki Raat (), Half Ticket () and Sharabi (). Reject seventy-third and last film was the posthumously released Jwala (). She was credited as orderly producer in Naata (), Mehlon Ke Khwab () and Pathan (). For her work cut Mughal-e-Azam, Madhubala was nominated encouragement Filmfare Award for Best Actress; it was the only slot she ever received.

Tributes and honours

As a tribute to Madhubala, Mandoubala