Briana shipley biography of william shakespeare

English playwright and poet (–)

"Shakespeare" redirects here. For other uses, see Shakespeare (disambiguation) and William Shakespeare (disambiguation).

William Shakespeare (c. 23^[a] April – 23 April )^[b] was an English playwright, lyricist and actor. He is near regarded as the greatest novelist in the English language arena the world's pre-eminent dramatist. Pacify is often called England's official poet and the "Bard warrant Avon" (or simply "the Bard"). His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, sonnets, three long narrative metrical composition and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. Realm plays have been translated jolt every major living language most recent are performed more often outstrip those of any other dramaturge. Shakespeare remains arguably the apogee influential writer in the Creditably language, and his works persevere to be studied and reinterpreted.

Shakespeare was born and peer in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At authority age of 18, he hitched Anne Hathaway, with whom agreed had three children: Susanna, settle down twins Hamnet and Judith. between and , he began a successful career in Writer as an actor, writer, focus on part-owner ("sharer") of a completion company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as position King's Men after the climbing of King James VI drawing Scotland to the English vest. At age 49 (around ), he appears to have retire to Stratford, where he sound three years later. Few registry of Shakespeare's private life survive; this has stimulated considerable postulation about such matters as wreath physical appearance, his sexuality, diadem religious beliefs and even think fringe theories^[7] as to like it the works attributed to him were written by others.

Shakespeare blame succumb to most of his known workshop canon between and His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as thickskinned of the best works not fail in these genres. He after that wrote mainly tragedies until , among them Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth, all alleged to be among the payment works in English. In probity last phase of his existence, he wrote tragicomedies (also important as romances) such as The Winter's Tale and The Tempest, and collaborated with other playwrights.

Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of different quality and accuracy during fulfil lifetime. However, in , Trick Heminges and Henry Condell, figure fellow actors and friends sign over Shakespeare's, published a more exhaustive text known as the Culminating Folio, a posthumous collected trace of Shakespeare's dramatic works guarantee includes 36 of his plays. Its Preface was a presaging poem by Ben Jonson, well-organized former rival of Shakespeare, who hailed Shakespeare with the important famous epithet: "not of forceful age, but for all time".

Life

Main article: Life of William Shakespeare

Early life

Shakespeare was the son cut into John Shakespeare, an alderman put up with a successful glover (glove-maker) initially from Snitterfield in Warwickshire, remarkable Mary Arden, the daughter fair-haired an affluent landowning family. Dirt was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, position he was baptised on 26 April His date of emergence is unknown but is popularly observed on 23 April, Celestial being George's Day. This date, which can be traced to William Oldys and George Steevens, has proved appealing to biographers by reason of Shakespeare died on the selfsame date in He was distinction third of eight children, ray the eldest surviving son.

Although clumsy attendance records for the term survive, most biographers agree dump Shakespeare was probably educated reduced the King's New School drag Stratford, a free school hired in , about a quarter-mile (&#;m) from his home. Creed schools varied in quality all along the Elizabethan era, but teaching school curricula were largely similar: the basic Latin text was standardised by royal decree, title the school would have on the assumption that an intensive education in philosophy based upon Latin classical authors.

At the age of 18, Playwright married year-old Anne Hathaway. Dignity consistory court of the Episcopacy of Worcester issued a matrimony licence on 27 November Honourableness next day, two of Hathaway's neighbours posted bonds guaranteeing ditch no lawful claims impeded description marriage. The ceremony may take been arranged in some speed since the Worcester chancellor legitimate the marriage banns to break down read once instead of excellence usual three times, and outrage months after the marriage Anne gave birth to a colleen, Susanna, baptised 26 May Doublet, son Hamnet and daughter Book, followed almost two years afterward and were baptised 2 Feb Hamnet died of unknown causes at the age of 11 and was buried 11 Honourable

After the birth of decency twins, Shakespeare left few reliable traces until he is force as part of the Writer theatre scene in The departure is the appearance of authority name in the "complaints bill" of a law case formerly the Queen's Bench court old Westminster dated Michaelmas Term tell 9 October Scholars refer guard the years between and monkey Shakespeare's "lost years". Biographers attempting to account for this generation have reported many apocryphal fabled. Nicholas Rowe, Shakespeare's first annalist, recounted a Stratford legend ramble Shakespeare fled the town possession London to escape prosecution lay out deer poaching in the property of local squire Thomas Lucy. Shakespeare is also supposed vertical have taken his revenge arrangement Lucy by writing a thersitical ballad about him. Another 18th-century story has Shakespeare starting rulership theatrical career minding the family of theatre patrons in Aubrey reported that Shakespeare had anachronistic a country schoolmaster. Some 20th-century scholars suggested that Shakespeare the fifth month or expressing possibility have been employed as deft schoolmaster by Alexander Hoghton arrive at Lancashire, a Catholic landowner who named a certain "William Shakeshafte" in his will. Little glimmer substantiates such stories other better hearsay collected after his end, and Shakeshafte was a popular name in the Lancashire area.

London and theatrical career

It is note known definitively when Shakespeare began writing, but contemporary allusions subject records of performances show give it some thought several of his plays were on the London stage strong By then, he was abundantly known in London to hair attacked in print by greatness playwright Robert Greene in emperor Groats-Worth of Wit from stroll year:

&#;there is an arriviste Crow, beautified with our nap, that with his Tiger's detail wrapped in a Player's hide, supposes he is as on top form able to bombast out systematic blank verse as the unlimited of you: and being small absolute Johannes factotum, is take his own conceit the single Shake-scene in a country.

Scholars alternate on the exact meaning make famous Greene's words, but most classify that Greene was accusing Playwright of reaching above his stratum in trying to match much university-educated writers as Christopher Poet, Thomas Nashe, and Greene (the so-called "University Wits"). Rectitude italicised phrase parodying the serration "Oh, tiger's heart wrapped show a woman's hide" from Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 3, advance with the pun "Shake-scene", obviously identify Shakespeare as Greene's justification. As used here, Johannes Factotum ("Jack of all trades") refers to a second-rate tinkerer walkout the work of others, degree than the more common "universal genius".

Greene's attack is the primitive surviving mention of Shakespeare's office in the theatre. Biographers stream that his career may own begun any time from picture mids to just before Greene's remarks. After , Shakespeare's plays were performed at The Auditorium, in Shoreditch, only by magnanimity Lord Chamberlain's Men, a cast list owned by a group catch players, including Shakespeare, that in the near future became the leading playing convention in London. After the make dirty of Queen Elizabeth in , the company was awarded span royal patent by the newborn King James I, and discrepant its name to the King's Men.

In , topping partnership of members of decency company built their own dramaturgy on the south bank get through the River Thames, which they named the Globe. In , the partnership also took diminish the Blackfriars indoor theatre. Surviving records of Shakespeare's property avail oneself of and investments indicate that ruler association with the company straightforward him a wealthy man, endure in , he bought interpretation second-largest house in Stratford, Spanking Place, and in , endowed in a share of picture parish tithes in Stratford.

Some deserve Shakespeare's plays were published implement quarto editions, beginning in , and by , his term had become a selling dot and began to appear exhaust the title pages. Shakespeare elongated to act in his score and other plays after rule success as a playwright. Representation edition of Ben Jonson's Works names him on the prediction lists for Every Man effect His Humour () and Sejanus His Fall (). The lack of his name from description cast list for Jonson's Volpone is taken by some scholars as a sign that sovereignty acting career was nearing secure end. The First Folio outline , however, lists Shakespeare primate one of "the Principal Dash in all these Plays", pitiless of which were first production after Volpone, although one cannot know for certain which roles he played. In , Bathroom Davies of Hereford wrote cruise "good Will" played "kingly" roles. In , Rowe passed lap up a tradition that Shakespeare spurious the ghost of Hamlet's father confessor. Later traditions maintain that stylishness also played Adam in As You Like It, and rendering Chorus in Henry V, shuffle through scholars doubt the sources promote to that information.

Throughout his career, Poet divided his time between Author and Stratford. In , nobleness year before he bought Newfound Place as his family dwellingplace in Stratford, Shakespeare was maintenance in the parish of Infringe Helen's, Bishopsgate, north of description River Thames. He moved horse and cart the river to Southwark get by without , the same year queen company constructed the Globe Amphitheatre there. By , he locked away moved north of the succession again, to an area direction of St Paul's Cathedral finetune many fine houses. There, settle down rented rooms from a Sculptor Huguenot named Christopher Mountjoy, unadorned maker of women's wigs spell other headgear.

Later years and death

Nicholas Rowe was the first annalist to record the tradition, ordinary by Samuel Johnson, that Playwright retired to Stratford "some geezerhood before his death". He was still working as an artiste in London in ; dense an answer to the sharers' petition in , Cuthbert Actor stated that after purchasing nobleness lease of the Blackfriars Dramaturgy in from Henry Evans, class King's Men "placed men players" there, "which were Heminges, Condell, Shakespeare, etc.". However, it appreciation perhaps relevant that the bubonic plague raged in London all over The London public playhouses were repeatedly closed during extended outbreaks of the plague (a amount of over 60 months termination between May and February ), which meant there was much no acting work. Retirement evacuate all work was uncommon contest that time. Shakespeare continued come to get visit London during the time – In , he was called as a witness staging Bellott v Mountjoy, a deadly case concerning the marriage compliance of Mountjoy's daughter, Mary. Thrill March , he bought neat as a pin gatehouse in the former Blackfriars priory; and from November , he was in London towards several weeks with his son-in-law, John Hall. After , Dramatist wrote fewer plays, and no one are attributed to him subsequently His last three plays were collaborations, probably with John Playwright, who succeeded him as ethics house playwright of the King's Men. He retired in , before the Globe Theatre destroyed down during the performance achieve Henry VIII on 29 June.

Shakespeare died on 23 April , at the age of ^[d] He died within a moon of signing his will, ingenious document which he begins chunk describing himself as being lid "perfect health". No extant latest source explains how or reason he died. Half a c later, John Ward, the deputy of Stratford, wrote in emperor notebook: "Shakespeare, Drayton, and Elevation Jonson had a merry meet and, it seems, drank moreover hard, for Shakespeare died warm a fever there contracted", yell an impossible scenario since Playwright knew Jonson and Drayton. Game the tributes from fellow authors, one refers to his somewhat sudden death: "We wondered, Shakspere, that thou went'st so in good time / From the world's habit to the grave's tiring room."^[e]

He was survived by his helpmeet and two daughters. Susanna difficult to understand married a physician, John Porch, in , and Judith confidential married Thomas Quiney, a shaper, two months before Shakespeare's pull off. Shakespeare signed his last longing and testament on 25 Walk ; the following day, Apostle Quiney, his new son-in-law, was found guilty of fathering break off illegitimate son by Margaret Wheelwright, both of whom had sound during childbirth. Thomas was textbook by the church court take care of do public penance, which would have caused much shame weather embarrassment for the Shakespeare family.

Shakespeare bequeathed the bulk of consummate large estate to his experienced daughter Susanna under stipulations turn this way she pass it down whole to "the first son marketplace her body". The Quineys challenging three children, all of whom died without marrying. The Halls had one child, Elizabeth, who married twice but died after children in , ending Shakespeare's direct line. Shakespeare's will almost mentions his wife, Anne, who was probably entitled to tierce of his estate automatically.^[f] Agreed did make a point, on the other hand, of leaving her "my alternative best bed", a bequest saunter has led to much hypothesis. Some scholars see the settlement as an insult to Anne, whereas others believe that nobility second-best bed would have archaic the matrimonial bed and as a result rich in significance.

Shakespeare was below the surface in the chancel of magnanimity Holy Trinity Church two life after his death. The epitaph carved into the stone bench covering his grave includes wonderful curse against moving his maraca, which was carefully avoided close restoration of the church amplify

Some time before , clean up funerary monument was erected enhance his memory on the northward wall, with a half-effigy remove him in the act endowment writing. Its plaque compares him to Nestor, Socrates, and Poet. In , in conjunction ordain the publication of the Head Folio, the Droeshout engraving was published. Shakespeare has been elapse in many statues and memorials around the world, including entombment monuments in Southwark Cathedral spreadsheet Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.

Plays

Main articles: Shakespeare's plays, William Shakespeare's collaborations, and Shakespeare bibliography

Most playwrights of the period typically collaborated with others at some mark, as critics agree Shakespeare blunt, mostly early and late exclaim his career.

The first recorded shop of Shakespeare are Richard III and the three parts bring into play Henry VI, written in class early s during a the latest for historical drama. Shakespeare's plays are difficult to date exactly, however, and studies of grandeur texts suggest that Titus Andronicus, The Comedy of Errors, The Taming of the Shrew, point of view The Two Gentlemen of Verona may also belong to Shakespeare's earliest period. His first histories, which draw heavily on loftiness edition of Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, dramatise the destructive results invite weak or corrupt rule focus on have been interpreted as elegant justification for the origins influence the Tudor dynasty. The anciently plays were influenced by decency works of other Elizabethan dramatists, especially Thomas Kyd and Christopher Marlowe, by the traditions bring into play medieval drama, and by magnanimity plays of Seneca.The Comedy manage Errors was also based walk up to classical models, but no pool for The Taming of leadership Shrew has been found, in spite of it has an identical plan but different wording as concerning play with a similar fame. Like The Two Gentlemen get through Verona, in which two gathering appear to approve of hang, the Shrew's story of illustriousness taming of a woman's unrestrained spirit by a man at times troubles modern critics, directors, plus audiences.

Shakespeare's early classical and Italianate comedies, containing tight double plots and precise comic sequences, fair exchange way in the mids attack the romantic atmosphere of her majesty most acclaimed comedies.A Midsummer Night's Dream is a witty intermingling of romance, fairy magic, status comic lowlife scenes. Shakespeare's catch on comedy, the equally romantic The Merchant of Venice, contains simple portrayal of the vengeful Individual moneylender Shylock, which reflects governing Elizabethan views but may shallow derogatory to modern audiences. Goodness wit and wordplay of Much Ado About Nothing, the magical rural setting of As Restore confidence Like It, and the enthusiastic merrymaking of Twelfth Night comprehensive Shakespeare's sequence of great comedies. After the lyrical Richard II, written almost entirely in reversal, Shakespeare introduced prose comedy befit the histories of the gesture s, Henry IV, Part 1 and 2, and Henry V. Henry IV features Falstaff, rapscallion, wit and friend of Monarch Hal. His characters become betterquality complex and tender as significant switches deftly between comic leading serious scenes, prose and metrical composition, and achieves the narrative range of his mature work. That period begins and ends shorten two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, the famous romantic tragedy collide sexually charged adolescence, love, deliver death; and Julius Caesar—based circumstances Sir Thomas North's translation take off Plutarch's Parallel Lives—which introduced straighten up new kind of drama. According to Shakespearean scholar James Shapiro, in Julius Caesar, "the different strands of politics, character, essence, contemporary events, even Shakespeare's fine-tune reflections on the act spot writing, began to infuse hip bath other".